Історія / 3. Історія науки і техніки

 

Gilyazetdinova T. R.

State Scientific Agricultural Library Ukrainian Academy Agricultural Sciences

Kyiv, Ukraine

M.M. Wolf - chief of the Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural research deed

 

Research organizations had led difficult struggle by their existence in 20th in XX century. A period of civic war was too longer in Ukraine and hard times are past. Difficult agrarian crisis was increased by crop failure in 1921. It made scientists-researchers and their Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural research  deed paid attention on strengthening agrarian base of research stations. Scientific activity was only in some organizations. The volume of work was not full.

Then there was a period of pacific building, harvest in 1922, regulating government budget. It brought scientists' of research deed attention to the question of  returning the scientific work. Also they resumed-research work of scientific organizations as soon as possible.

The process of inner revival of agriculture was presented at that time. Awoken by revolution and deprived of right agronomic help under influence of own power villagers fought to new forms of farming, found new ways in the system of land tenure and in usage of new crops and improving the means of cultivation.

There were times when mass agriculture had given his own mark to the achievements of scientific organizations when critics of every day life put out all non-useful, forced in conclusions and got into practice all useful, technical rational and economic useful ones.

That cognition process of achievements of research organizations in Ukraine took place as better to the scientific reputation as soon scientific organizations gave accounts of their work and as soon as theoretical and practical conclusions were the subject of critical mark. Unfortunately, scientific organizations had not main programs of the experiments. All these gave every organization its status that determined its place in the amount of  general work.

For example, the oldest research organizations - Polatava research station or Cherson research station have already used their own programs and new ones for their formation and development have not been created. A great amount of research organizations, that were organized in 1910-1914, did not have time to finish their programs until the war began. As a result, they could not put their experiments or created one. And only few stations, that were organized before the war, could work with their experiments and prepare to the statement of new questions and continue their annual work.

But there were a few ones and all of them were in forest-steppe zone. Research organizations did not work or were not occupied with scientific work in steppe zone. By the way, this zone needed in making close scientific study of important questions after all shocks.

Creative initiative of the separate researchers had got an important place in scientific activity. Certainly, during creating the programs some possible mistakes could appeared and destroyed the work of all research organization. That's why, the projects were under consideration of general mark, detail working out by the leading expert of research deed, economists and agronomists.

Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural research deed decided to publish its own periodical. The main programs of research stations before their usage would sure be printed in this magazine. That's why there was an opportunity of preliminary methodological and technical realization of the researches.

Only collective work allowed to co-ordinate with programs not formal, but actual and divided between research organizations all work according to the special peculiarities. By the way, it gave an opportunity to decide a lot of minor but also important tasks: search new scientific methods, new methodology of knowledge transmission to popularity, an acquaintance with the work of agricultural research organizations in the country and abroad, with the newest achievements in different branches of agricultural knowledge and information about the work of Central and District government bodies.

The necessity of planned revival of agricultural science and agriculture in Ukraine was carried out by outstanding scientists as O.A. Yanata, V.N. Rozhestvenskiy, P.A. Tutkovskiy, G.G. Machov, E. Zaslavskiy etc. Among them was M.M. Wolf - chief of the Bureau of All-Ukrainian Congresses of agricultural research deed . He took the lead in creation of periodical magazine "Agricultural research deed". Thus, the first task of program construction of all research agricultural organizations was: summary of material and critical mark of the ways from the one hand and collective work in finding new ways - from the other. It was the main task of creation this magazine. The programs, that the scientists organized that time, gave their first results and should be used only after 8-10 years later.