Биологические науки 8 физиология человека и животных
O.V. Perervenko1, H.M. Medgydova1, N.A. Fedorenko1, A.V. Aleкhnovich2,
M.V. Antoniuk3
О.В. Перервенко1, Х.М. Меджидова1, Н.А.Федоренко1,
А.В. Алехнович,2
М.В. Антонюк3
1Gosudarstvennoe Health
Center, Kamchatka preventive measures and struggle with AIDS
and infectious diseases (683003, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Leningradskaya str. 112 Corp. 2
Tel.: 8 (4152) 41-25-97, 8-909-839-07-44. e-mail: olga_perervenko@mail.ru)
2Federal State educational
institution of the Federal Institute of qualification improvement
of
medico-biological Agency (109545, Moscow, Volokolamskoe shosse, 91, 8 (903)
610-64-71)
3 Vladivostoksky branch of the
Institution of Medical Sciences of the Far Eastern Scientific
Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Academy of Medical Sciences -
Institute
of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation, Vladivostok
1Государственное учреждение здравоохранения Камчатский центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД и инфекционными заболеваниями (683003,
г.
Петропавловск-Камчатский, ул. Ленинградская 112 корп. 2 тел.: 8(4152) 41-25-97,
8-909-839-07-44. e-mail: olga_perervenko@mail.ru)
2-Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение Институт повышения квалификации Федерального
медико-биологического агентства (109545, г. Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, д.91,
8(903)610-64-71)
3Владивостокский филиал Учреждения РАМН Дальневосточного научного центра
физиологии и патологии дыхания СО РАМН – НИИ
медицинской климатологии и
восстановительного лечения
State of the immune status of adults in their first year in Kamchatka
Состояние иммунного статуса взрослых в первый год
пребывания на Камчатке
Key words: immune system, adaptation, neutrophils,
lymphocytes, Kamchatka
Ключевые слова: иммунная система, адаптация, нейтрофилы, лимфоциты, Камчатка
Summary:
We have been examining short-term adaptive immune response to adverse
climatic conditions of 162 healthy volunteers living in the region of Kamchatka
no more than one year. The observed changes indicate the voltage of humoral immune mechanisms of protection that
men and women is to change the predominantly subpopulation composition of
lymphocytes and immunoglobulin concentrations of blood. This category of the
population is at risk for the development of viral infectious diseases.
Резюме:
С целью изучения краткосрочных адаптационных реакций иммунной системы на неблагоприятные климатические условия Камчатки изучали иммунный статус у 162 здоровых добровольцев, проживающих в регионе менее года. Обнаруженные изменения указывают на напряжение гуморальных механизмов иммунной защиты, которые у мужчин и женщин заключаются в изменении преимущественно субпопуляционного состава лимфоцитов и концентрации иммуноглобулинов крови. Данная категория населения представляет группу риска в отношении развития вирусных инфекционных заболеваний.
Introduction. The organism adaptation to influence of various adverse factors of
environment is till now a subject of
numerous fundamental and applied medical and biologic researches. Modern representations on adaptation of the
person to sharp and chronic influences are based on K.Bernard, U.Kennona, G.Sele, P.K.Anokhin, F.Z.Meersona's fundamental works, etc. [1,
2, 3, 4]. In regions of the Far North and Siberia the numerous works executed
at scientific research institutes of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy
of medical sciences are devoted questions of kompensatorno-adaptive reaction. It is established that changes immune and эндокринных indicators at persons, newcomers in
territory with extreme environmental conditions, are essential [5]. Studying of
arising deviations and possibility of their correction has important medical,
social and economic value. It is necessary to notice that till now works by
definition of features of the immune status at the population of Kamchatka are
presented by not numerous publications in materials of regional
scientifically-practical conferences [6,7]. The combination of heavy climatic
and geophysical conditions of region essentially distinguishes it from other
territories of the Far East, Siberia and the North. The climate is
characterized by instability of weather conditions, strong winds, a
considerable quantity of precipitations - to 2000 mm/year. The quantity of warm
days with temperature of air higher than 200 С at the coastal zone of
peninsula are from 1 to 6 at all and
about 20-30 in the continental. The are 29 active and 120 extinct
volcanoes in Kamchatka. This
factors has influence on the population. As a consequence, a special
mediko-economic value has the analysis of a functional condition of immune
system in short-term, within the first year, adaptation of the person. The obtained
results can become an information basis for planning and carrying out of
improving and preventive actions.
The work purpose – studying of the immune status of
the population of Kamchatka in
short-term adaptation to region environmental conditions.
Materials and methods. In research have taken part 162
healthy volunteers living on Kamchatka no more than one year. Among
participants there were 85 middle-aged males (34, 6 + 5,3 years) and 77 females of 28,9 + 6,9 years. The complex of
immunological researches have been carried out – during the period from one to
six and from seven about twelve months.
Quantity of leukocytes in peripheral
blood and the formula of leukocytes
was made by standard methods. Subpopulation structure of lymphocytes studied by
immunophenotyping subpopulations of
cages CD3 (mature lymphocytes); CD4 (T-helpery), CD8 (T-supressory), CD19 (В -limfotsity) with application
Dynabeads – paramagnetic polystyrol the particles covered with monoclonal
antibodies (Dynal, Norway). The maintenance of antibodies of classes A, M, G
defined immunoturbidimetric method (Diasis Diagnostic System, Germany); complement
activity – on 50 % hemolysis. Statistical processing was made
with usage of the computer program
BIOSTAT.EXE McGraw. Hill. Version 4.0.0.0. On the basis of methods of variation
statistics. Reliability of distinctions was estimated by t-criterion of
Stjudenta.
Results and their
discussions. As we
can see from the data presented in table 1, all period of supervision the
majority of indicators of the immune status of males and females corresponded to physiological parameters.
Table 1 - Indicators of the
immune status, n=162 (M + m)
|
Indicator |
Norm |
Males |
Females |
||
|
1-6 мonths, n=43 |
7-12 мonths, n=42 |
1-6 мonths, n=44 |
7-12 мonths, n=33 |
||
|
Leukocytes, 109/л |
4,0-8,8 |
7,1 + 0,3 |
6,8 + 0,3 |
6,3 + 0,4 |
6,3 + 0,2 |
|
Lymphocytes, % |
19-37 |
38,1 + 2,1 |
39,5 + 1,2 |
36,1 + 1,9 |
35,4 + 1,5 |
|
Lymphocytes, abs. |
1000-3000 |
2557 + 153 |
2645 + 156 |
2201 + 168 |
2220 + 112 |
|
Monocytes, % |
2-6 |
7,3 + 0,41 |
6,2 + 0,5 |
7,1 + 0,5 |
5,3 + 0,4 |
|
Monocytes, abs. |
100-600 |
517 + 35 |
410 + 281 |
435 + 31 |
332 + 241 |
|
Neutrophils, % |
43-78 |
51,2+2,3 |
50,4+1,8 |
53,2+2,5 |
55,5+1,91 |
|
- r/n, % |
1-5 |
2,9 +0,4 |
3,5 + 0,4 |
3,1 + 0,6 |
3,7 + 0,5 |
|
- s/n, % |
42-73 |
48,2 + 1,9 |
46,9 + 1,4 |
50,1 + 1,9 |
51,8 + 1,4 |
|
Neutrophils аbs. |
3000-7000 |
3748 + 283 |
3406 + 203 |
3439 + 329 |
3506 + 181 |
|
Aezinophiles, % |
1-5 |
3,1 + 0,3 |
3,9 + 0,4 |
3,4 + 0,5 |
2,9 + 0,4 |
|
Basophiles, % |
0-1 |
0,9 + 0,1 |
0,6 + 0,1 |
0,8 + 0,1 |
0,6 + 0,1 |
|
СД 3, % |
52-76 |
69,3 + 2,6 |
65,2 + 3,7 |
62,0 + 3,8 |
65,2 + 2,01 |
|
СД 3, аbs. |
1000-2300 |
1762 + 85 |
1733 + 142 |
1215 + 94 |
1478 + 74 |
|
СД 4, % |
31-46 |
48,5 + 2,6 |
42,5 + 3,0 |
44,6 + 2,9 |
48,3 + 1,9 |
|
СД 4, аbs. |
600-1600 |
1242 + 77 |
1127 + 102 |
865,8 + 81 |
1052 + 51 |
|
СД 8, % |
23-40 |
23,4 + 1,6 |
26,6 + 2,3 |
18,9 + 2,5 |
18,6 + 1,2 |
|
СД 8, аbs. |
300-900 |
584 + 40 |
695 + 67 |
436 + 42 |
419 + 39 |
|
СД 19, % |
6-18 |
15,8 + 1,51 |
11,4 + 0,91 |
15,6 + 2,5 |
13,1 + 1,0 |
|
СД 19, абс. |
150-600 |
409 + 341 |
294 + 191 |
368 + 34 |
324 + 24 |
|
СД 4/8, unit. |
1,3-5,0 |
2,5 + 0,2 |
2,1 + 0,2 |
2,7 + 0,3 |
2,9 + 0,3 |
|
Ig A, g/l |
0,34 – 2,5 |
1,7 + 0,1 |
1,7 + 0,2 |
2,1 + 0,3 |
2,3 + 0,2 |
|
Ig M, g/l |
0,7 – 4,0 |
1,2 + 0,1 |
1,1 + 0,1 |
1,5 + 0,2 |
1,6 + 0,1 |
|
Ig G, g/l |
6,8 – 14,5 |
8,1 + 0,4 |
9,1 + 0,5 |
11,1 + 0,4 |
12,2 + 0,6 |
|
System complement, a unit |
50 - 90 |
67,9 + 3,1 |
64,8 + 2,2 |
61,7 + 2,7 |
74,1 + 4,51 |
The note:
1-р <0,05 – between
an indicator in group on initial and the final stage of supervision.
The part of lymphocytes of deoxygenated blood of males on the average exceeded physiological
level at the initial stage of supervision on 3,2 %, and in 6 months – on 6,8 %.
Such increase, in the absence of deviations of other parameters immunogramae
and considerable disorder of individual values of an indicator it is impossible
to recognize significant.
However, the tendency of increasing the level of lymphocytes may point
on the pressure of humoral mechanisms
of immune protection. The fact of
authentic increase testifies to activation of cellular and humoral mechanisms
of immune protection of males during supervision of quantity of monocytes
(аbs.) in 1,3 times (р <0,05) and B-lymphocytes in 1,4 times (р <0,05) to
what dynamics of change of indicator СD - 19 testifies. During the period of the exploring, the females’ analisys were in physiological
norm. However the part of monocytes of blood has decreased in 1,3 times (р
<0,05), and their quantity also in 1,3 times (р <0,05). The quantity of
mature lymphocytes has increased in 1,2 times (р <0,05) to what the indicator
of CD 3 testifies. Complement blood
growth in 1,2 times (р <0,05) in comparison with a reference value also has
shown.
Thus, in the first year of stay on Kamchatka dynamics of
changes of separate indicators of immune protection can specify in pressure
first of all its humoral mechanisms. Therefore, such group of persons,
irrespective of a sex can be subject to risk of infectious diseases.
Taking into account seasonal fluctuations of infectious
disease – its increase among the population during the autumn and spring
period, at a considered category of persons had been conducted immunological
researches. In inspection with the residing experience volunteers took part in
region from 6 months till 1 year. WE may see from table 2 data, at men,
irrespective of a season the studied indicators corresponded to norm. Attracts
attention that during the autumn period in peripheral blood of men the quantity
aezinophiles exceeds a similar
indicator in the spring time in 1,5 times (р <0,05). Absolute quantity
T-supressorov (СD 8) decreases in 1,4 times (р <0,05), B -lymphocytes (СD 19) – in 1,3 times.
Concentration of antibodies of a class of M has decreased also in 1,3 times (р
<0,05). The received results specify on disadaptation, first of all, a
humoral link of immune protection which is more expressed during the autumn
period. Hence, the urgency and value of the preventive actions directed on
prevention of sharp respiratory infections among the newcomer in region of the
population, raises in the autumn. The given group of persons, especially in the
organized collectives, represents risk group on infectious disease.
Among the females we pointed out authentic seasonal
fluctuations of indicators immunogramae which can specify on desadaptation humoral mechanisms of immune
protection mainly during the autumn period also are registered. In particular,
in the autumn the quantity of mature lymphocytes (СD3) at women decreases in
1,2 times (р <0,05), B-limfotsitov (CD19) – in 1,3 times (р <0,05), and
concentration of an antibody And raises in 1,3 times (р <0,05). It is
important to underline that all found out changes are in limits of
physiological norm of adult population.
Thus, it is not dependent on the sex, in the first year of
stay on Kamchatka seasonal fluctuations of indicators of the immune status
which specify in pressure, first of all, humoral mechanisms of protection are registered.
Table 2 – Seasonal fluctuations of indicators
of the immune status
in the first year of stay on Kamchatka, n=162
(M + m)
|
Iindicator |
Norm |
Males, n=85 |
Fimales, n=77 |
||
|
Spring |
Autumn |
Spring |
Autumn |
||
|
Leukocytes, 109/л |
4,0-8,8 |
6,9 + 0,3 |
7,0 + 0,2 |
6,4 + 0,3 |
6,3 + 0,2 |
|
Lymphocytes, % |
19-37 |
37,7 + 1,2 |
36,5 + 1,2 |
38,5 + 1,2 |
38,3 + 1,1 |
|
Lymphocytes, абс. |
1000-3000 |
2608+ 138,2 |
2499 + 90,5 |
2444+ 104,3 |
2405+ 102,4 |
|
Monocytes, % |
2-6 |
6,9 + 0,3 |
6,7 + 0,4 |
6,4 + 0,3 |
6,6 + 0,3 |
|
Monocytes, абс. |
100-600 |
504 + 35,1 |
463 + 32 |
403 + 26 |
412 + 25 |
|
Neutrophils, % |
43-78 |
52,2 + 1,5 |
53,2 + 1,3 |
51,5 + 1,5 |
51,9 + 1,5 |
|
- r/n, % |
1-5 |
3,1 + 0,2 |
3,5 + 0,2 |
3,0 + 0,2 |
3,5 + 0,2 |
|
- s/n, % |
42-73 |
49,0 +1,2 |
49,7 + 1,1 |
48,6 + 1,3 |
48,4 + 1,3 |
|
Neutrophils абс |
3000-7000 |
3556 + 153 |
3774 + 191 |
3378 + 169 |
3316 + 146 |
|
Aezinophiles, % |
1-5 |
2,8 + 0,3 |
3,1 + 0,31 |
2,8 + 0,3 |
2,8 + 0,3 |
|
Basophiles, % |
0-1 |
0,6 + 0,1 |
0,4 + 0,1 |
0,6 + 0,1 |
0,6 + 0,1 |
|
СД 3, % |
52-76 |
72,5 + 3,2 |
65,9 + 2,4 |
74,6 + 2,2 |
61,5
+ 3,31 |
|
СД 3, аbs. |
1000-2300 |
1725 +
119 |
1542 + 86 |
1597 + 78 |
1434 + 101 |
|
СД 4, % |
31-46 |
45,8 + 2,2 |
45 + 2,3 |
46,4 + 1,6 |
42,6 + 2,4 |
|
СД 4, аbs. |
600-1600 |
1229 + 73 |
1059 + 80 |
1067 + 53 |
928 + 65,7 |
|
СД 8, % |
23-40 |
27,7 + 1,8 |
23,2 + 2,2 |
22,2 +
1,5 |
23,1 + 1,8 |
|
СД 8, аbs. |
300-900 |
649 + 45,3 |
457 +
35,51 |
496 + 43,2 |
530 + 42,5 |
|
СД 19, % |
6-18 |
14,9 + 1,2 |
11,9 + 0,91 |
14,3 + 1,0 |
10,9 + 0,9 |
|
СД 19, аbs. |
150-600 |
380 + 37 |
290 + 241 |
303 + 28 |
270 + 241 |
|
СД 4/8, unit. |
1,3-5,0 |
1,68 + 0,21 |
2,04 + 0,25 |
2,55+ 0,19 |
2,18 + 0,15 |
|
Ig A, g/l |
0,34 – 2,5 |
1,7 + 0,1 |
1,6 + 0,1 |
1,1 + 0,1 |
1,5 + 0,11 |
|
Ig M, g/l |
0,7 – 4,0 |
1,2 + 0,1 |
1,0 + 0,11 |
1,0 + 0,1 |
1,0 + 0,1 |
|
Ig G, g/l |
6,8 – 14,5 |
8,2 + 0,4 |
7,9 + 0,3 |
7,8 + 0,4 |
7,5 + 0,3 |
|
System complement,
a unit |
40 - 90 |
77 + 4,2 |
70 + 2,7 |
75 + 3,4 |
71,6 + 3,1 |
The note:
1- р <0,05 – between
an indicator in group on initial and the final stage of supervision.
During the autumn period the
considered category of the population is more subject to risk of occurrence of
an infectious disease that demands planning and carrying out of the preventive
actions directed on increase of resistance to diseases of a virus etiology.
Conclusions.
1. At males within the first year of stay on Kamchatka quantity of
monocytes of blood ( аbs..) increases in 1,3 times (р
<0,05), and B -limfotsitov in 1,4 times (р <0,05). At Females decrease of
a number of monocytes in blood in 1,3 times (р <0,05), and also their
quantities in 1,3 times (р <0,05) is observed. The quantity of mature
lymphocytes increases in 1,2 times (р <0,05). Besides, in comparison with
initial size, concentration complement in 1,2 times (р <0,05) increases. The given facts can testify
to pressure of cellular and humoral mechanisms of immune protection and
predisposition of a considered category of persons to development infectious,
first of all virus, diseases.
2. In observable groups seasonal fluctuations of separate indicators of
the immune status are registered. During the autumn period at males the
quantity aezinophiles increases in 1,5
times (р <0,05). Absolute quantity T-supressorov (СD 8) decreases in 1,4
times (р <0,05), V-lymphocytes (СD 19) – in 1,3 times. Concentration of
antibodies of a class of M decreases in 1,3 times (р <0,05). At females the
quantity of mature lymphocytes (СD3) decreases in 1,2 times (р <0,05), B -limfotsitov
(CD19) – in 1,3 times (р <0,05), and concentration of an antibody And raises
in 1,3 times (р <0,05).
3. The registered changes in immune system at the persons living in
Kamchatka less of one year, specify in pressure first of all humoral mechanisms
of protection and expediency of carrying out of preventive actions concerning
heavy respiratory infections among a considered category of the population
mainly during the autumn period.
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