Kayumova M.M., Valieva A.R., Ismagzamova R.A.

Bashkir state agrarian university, Russia

Management in the sphere of ecology and land arrangement

Russia has the lowest level of comprehension conditions of ecological environment. Practically half of the population lives in unsuitable ecological conditions, especially in Chelyabinsk and Kemerovo regions, Republic of Bashkortostan, and in such big cities as Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Ekaterinburg, Samara. The basic sources of environmental pollution are ecologically dangerous enterprises, and in big cities — motor transport. Damage from ecological offences has closely come to half of the national income. At the same time owing to various reasons, the problems of natural resources protection and environment preservation are not given enough attention.

Management in the sphere of ecology and land arrangement represents the major element of organizational and legal influence on rational land arrangement and environment preservation. This element possesses the necessary mechanism of such influence including purposes of management, form, methods and principles of management.

As to the questions of ecology there is an extensive file of normative material. However in practice its many positions are broken, and huge damage is caused to the nature. There is also a number of sharp current problems, for example, problems of use, storage and destroy of nuclear waste, liquidation of chemical weapon, use of production and consumption wastes and others. The leading role in implementation of requirements of the operating legislation belongs to state structures.

The structure of control bodies in the sphere of environment preservation and land arrangement, since the early 90s of the last century, has been constantly changed. Both, the quantity of enforcement authorities in the sphere of environment preservation and their powers have been changed.

The system of management in the sphere of environment preservation, which works now in the Russian Federation can’t be defined as efficient.

Preservation of such condition of this system can lead to environment deterioration, and, as a consequence, to deterioration of health of the population and this fact won’t allow to provide constitutional law of citizens for favorable environment.

The structure of control bodies in the sphere of environment preservation and land arrangement can’t be recognized as perfect. Instability of the state strategy in the sphere of environment preservation and land arrangement, uncertainty of imperious powers of executive authorities generate serious problems while implementing activities in the field of environment preservation and maintenance of its favorable quality.

Successful functioning of control system in sphere of environment preservation and land arrangement in the Russian Federation, as well as any control system, is possible only in the presence of the following components:

1. Effective structure of controls;

2. Qualitative normative and legal base, which regulates the relations in this sphere;

3. Effective mechanisms of maintenance of environment quality;

4. Economic mechanism of regulation of activities in the sphere of environment preservation.

Constant reorganization of authority bodies in the sphere of environment preservation, inconsistency of actions of management bodies, absence of normative legal and standard technical base don't allow to carry out effective ecological control.

In the countries with developed market economy and long established democratic traditions wide circulation received the so called information management methods which provide open access of the society to information of ecological character. Data of influence on environment of those or other subjects of managing are printed in mass media, open statistical collections and other editions. This forms reputation of a firm in the opinion of the population, serves it as advertizing or anti-advertizing. In the conditions of market competition open information on economic activities of nature users and its ecological consequences is a powerful lever of influence on operated objects.

We see insufficient information base, concerning ecology. The world ecological experience in the area of natural resources and land arrangement doesn’t take root in this country either. The necessity of creation of a uniform base on ecologically harmful areas has arisen, and also the necessity of application of strict measures in relation to nature users that is to enterprises which break ecological established norms and specifications.

The present ecological situation can be stabilized and improved only by change of orientation of social and economic development of the country, formation of new valuable and moral norms, revision of structure of requirements, purposes, priorities and ways of activity of a person. It will demand the whole complex of radical political, social and economic, legislative, technological and other measures.