V.A.Gladush

Ph.D. in History

National pedagogical university honored by M.P.Dragomanov

PEDAGOGICAL READING AS A FORM OF PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING OF DEFECTOLOGY STAFF IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

Ensuring consistency between modern and previous research in the field of postgraduate education is an important condition for its future development. Critical understanding and use of creative achievements in the second part of XX century in the field of training of teachers of special schools will successfully help to solve a lot of modern problems facing the system of postgraduate education of defectology staff.

In the postwar period it had been developing new forms of improving the theoretical and practical training of teachers. Initiated by the APS of the USSR pedagogical reading began to be implemented, their objectives were the exchange of teaching experience of leading teachers, educators and parents of students and their involvement in the scientific development of education and training of the younger generation. Since 1947 pedagogical reading has been holding at different levels (school, district, regional, republican) and since 1968 at all-Union.

Pedagogical reading in Defectology was only all-Russian in the beginning but the teachers from all USSR took part in its work. The first all-Russian educational readings in 1947 were presented by only two reports of employees of special schools but all the audience was sitting at one table. In 1950 it was presented 26 reports of teachers of special schools and 200 people attended pedagogical readings. In 1951 the reports were received from the teachers of different special schools and that’s why it was organized four sections according to the main parts of defectology: deaf-and-dumb pedagogics, oligophren pedagogics and logopedics.

Starting from 1968 all-Union pedagogical readings in Defectology were held where development of theoretical and practical knowledge of Defectology summarized. There were usually four sections and several subsections. The program of meetings of sections and subsections included the reports of practitioners and researchers.

In Ukraine pedagogical readings have received widespread use as one of the form of increasing of theoretical and practical training of pedagogical staff including defectology ones. In February 5th, 1951 the USSR Ministry of Education approved the "Regulations on pedagogical reading," which stated that pedagogical reading implies discussing of reports influencing on further the development of school and pedagogical sciences.

Pedagogical readings were held once a year. Republican readings were held by the USSR Scientific research pedagogical institution (SRI) during spring holidays at schools, regional ones by regional institutions of teachers training (ITT) in the second semester. The approximate subject of reading reports was scheduled by SRI of Pedagogics, Psychology and Defectology in terms of the most urgent issues of school and family. Subjects were widely spread through educational media and national education authorities. There were democratic principles in the readings as well namely the report could be written on topics chosen by the authors themselves.

Reports prepared for pedagogical readings were presented and approved at first by pedagogical councils or relative organizations and after upon the choice of authors they were presented to regional or republican readings. Conference committee envisaged promotion. According to jury assessment there were awards (first, second and third), letters of commendation, approval. The number of awards and their rates were established by the Ministry of Education of the USSR on annual basis. It was reported in the newspaper "Soviet Education" and the participants of readings could be aware of that. The papers presented at the best of the Republican and regional pedagogical readings were published in separate collections or brochures.

In 1950 - 1960 pedagogical reading in Ukraine were held regularly and purposefully. Their goal was generalization and implementation in practice of work of the best schools with leading teaching experience. Ministry of Education of the USSR in November 6th , 1962, discussing and analyzing pedagogical reading as one of the most important forms of postgraduate education of teachers, has indicated that during the period of 1959-1962 there were 20 pedagogical readings in the republic, where 10 thousand of teachers participated and 800 people among them presented their reports.

The analysis of subjects of pedagogical readings suggests that it formed the basis of the existence of school problems that needed to be solved in the course of Act to strengthen communication with school life.

While pedagogical readings the teachers from different regions of the country met each other with great satisfaction shearing their experience, modifications. They borrowed new technology of practical work with children, expanded cultural horizons.

At the beginning during pedagogical readings in Ukraine teachers of special schools belonged to a separate section. Although there were the same issues it was discussed subtleties and peculiarities in the work of defectology staff and specified the methods of teaching, educational work with different categories of abnormal children. Since the second half of 1950s it was held pedagogical readings in Defectology. So in August 18-20^th , 1966 for the improvement of correctional and educational work in supporting schools were held pedagogical readings in Zaporizhia amounted 150 persons (Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhia, Kirovograd, Sumy, Poltava, Cherkasy regions), and in August 25-26^th, 1966 in Donetsk amounted 74 persons (Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv regions).

Summarizing pedagogical readings during 1950 - 1960s were as a stimulator to creativity for teaching groups and were one of the most important forms of their postgraduate training. The peculiarity of this form was a desire to combine the efforts of scientists and practicing teachers in solving problems at schools.

Уплочено 48 грн. № 91584, 2011-09-16