ARTICLE

Induction of electrical impulses in biological objects in the phase

transition of the first kind.

Authors: Dr. Ph. Of Technical Sciences, Academic IAR, Burlev M.Ya.

Dr. Ph. Of Technical Sciences, Professor, Nikolaev N.S.

Moscow State University of Food Production.

Institute of Applied Biotechnology.

In the laboratory Institute of Applied Biotechnology discovered the phenomenon of electric impulses induce biological objects in the phase transition of the first kind, which includes processes such as evaporation and condensation, melting and crystallization, sublimation and de–sublimation. For the description of this phenomenon we previously not identified in the scientific literature.

It is know that discrete particles of substances (molecules or groups of molecules), including those that may independently exercise the phase transition, interact through forces that depend on their relative position and also the electric nature.

Obviously, the phase transition of the first kind is characterized by restructuring the existing ties and can temporarily disrupt the balance of the electric charges of discrete particles. This can be explaining the generation of electric impulses during percolation phase transition.

A system state setting (temperature, pressure, density, etc.) in the phase transition of the first kind is changed abruptly with the selection or the absorption of a certain quantity of heat (heat of phase transition). The phase transition of the second kind is characterized by a smooth change of state without allocating and absorbs heat.

The scientific and practical significance of detected phenomenon is not fully understood, but certainty we can assume that the induction of electrical impulses influence the results of electrical measurements of temperature at the phase transition of the first kind. Moreover, the higher requirements for accuracy of measurements, the more the significance of the impact of electrical impulses.

Experimental stand for the study of the phase transition of the first kind in the form of freezing water is presented in Fig. 1.

Dielectric capacity 1 with water set in the cooling chamber 2. In a container with water left out zond 3 and thermocouple probe 4. In the Dewar vessel 5 is thermocouple 6, submerged in a solution of 7 the water with ice.

Thermocouple 6 thermo–verified and is intended for comparative measurements with thermocouple 4. The zond 3 and thermocouple probes 4, 6 are connected using wires 8 and block – adapter to the amplifier of the electrical signal 9. This amplifier of the electrical signal has consistently connected to the universal card collection and input/output control digital and analog information 10, located inside the system block 11, the computer with a monitor 12 and a printer 13.

Items 8, 9 devices connect to ground 14. The main elements of devices for measuring the temperature of the probe are the zond 3 and thermocouple probe 4. The zond 3 is made of a copper plate, which is soldered shielded wire.

Temperature sensor (thermocouple) 4 made as weldment chrome – copper thermocouples in the shielded sheath and connected to the amplifier of the electrical signals 9. First study of the process of freezing by using the zond 3. When the water turned to ice on the zond 3 recorded electrical signals generated during the phase transition. These signals by wire transmitted to the amplifier electrical signal 9, further universal plate 10, processed and recorded on the monitor 12, in the form of waveform, which optionally sent to the printer 13. (Fig. 2) The next stage connected thermocouple 4, which was already recorded when freezing the integral signal from two sources: one from temperature by effect of Th. J. Seebeck and the second from the effect of the phase transition.

The way integral signal is the same as in the first case. In Fig. 3 presents the integrated impulse modulation, resulting from the addition of electric signals from the two effects. Disintegrated graph of averaged values by figures 2 and 3, gave the true temperature value adjusted by signals of thermocouple 4. (Fig. 4) By reading waveforms identified measurement of temperature as example on crystallization of water. The mean value of integral signal U_i of the thermocouple (Fig. 3) is “–25 MV” and is the value temperature of the phase transition. The difference of values (Fig. 4) between the integral signal U_i and signal of the zond U_z is equal to “–10 MV”. So according to the formula error of measurement can be more than 100%.

∆ = (U_i─U_z) 100%/ U_z

∆ = ((–25 MV) ─ (–10 MV)) 100%/(–10 MV) = 150%

In inverse processes with phase transitions of the first kind, such as condensation, de–sublimation, measuring temperature of substances are in the same sequence of operations, except the last, which increases the signal to the thermocouple from signal of the zond.

The way to measure the temperature was tested, with the water, with skim milk and other substances of biological and inorganic origin. Measuring the temperature of the fat structure with the phase transition of the second kind carried out in the same sequence, however, the zond 3 electrical signals have been received.

Conclusion:

1. Experimentally determined that when the phase transitions of first kind in biological objects observed induction of electrical impulses.

2. Electrical impulses arising at the phase transition of the first kind influence on accuracy of temperature measurement that might affect different technological regulations.

3. Processes with phase transitions of the first kind (evaporation, condensation, sublimation, de–sublimation, freezing, defrosting) should be considered as a combination of heat, mass, and electrical transfer.

4. All substances used in industry, you need to make a correction table featured to account for the parameters of electrical impulses generated during phase transitions as heat constants for phase transitions.

Literature:

1. Oleinik B. N. Accurate caloric - meter. M. published by the State Committee of standards, measures and measuring devices. USSR. 1964, 17 page.

2. Patent for invention № 230097. (Russian Federation). "Method of measuring the temperature of substances with phase transitions". Ilyukhin V.V., Burlev M.Ya., Tambovcev I.M., Shishkin S.V., Ilyukhina S.S. 26.04.2005.

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