*99285*

Post-graduate student Iermoliuk R.S.

Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade

after M. Tugan-Baranovsky, Ukraine

ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PAINT AND VARNISH MATERIALS

Paint and varnish materials are the spread and hazardous toxic industrial wastes to health of the person.

The greatest danger to a human body is represented by the volatile organic compounds which are a part of solvent, oozed in atmosphere at application and drying of paint and varnish coating; the heavy metals containing in an aerosol, formed at drawing of paint and varnish materials; isocyanates, phthalic and maleic anhydrides, formaldehyde, fatty acids and other compounds oozed at drying of paint and varnish materials.

High consumption of toxic solvents by manufacture of paint and varnish materials extremely negative influences on the environment.

Activities to reduce emissions of hazardous substances to atmosphere at manufacturing of paint and varnish materials can be carried out in two directions:

1) technical solutions (colouring process optimization, automation equipment, modernisation of recycling and purification systems);

2) introduction the new paint and varnish materials meeting up-to-date requirements (with high dry heels, waterborne, powder and radiation-curable paints).

To clearing the departing gas emissions apply various expedients: oxidising atmospheric oxygen on catalytic agents, immediate burning of harmful impurities, and also getter expedients with which help it is possible to ooze substances for a reuse in manufacture.

The solution of environmental problems from pollution provides the release of environmentally friendly paint and varnish materials.

Perspective materials from the ecological, technological and economic points of view are waterborne or water-dispersion paint and varnish materials. Their basic advantage — use the water instead of expensive, combustible, toxic and irrevocably lost organic solvents.

Lack of organic solvents in water materials considerably reduces quantity of harmful emissions in atmosphere, reduces fire danger, toxicity and creates favorable working conditions at carrying out painting operations.

Also powder coatings are a key way to decrease toxic action and formation of a waste. The factors causing advantage of powder coatings: necessity the solution environmental problems (lack of organic solvents and other flying substances); nonwaste technology of coatings (almost full salvage of paints); the relative simplicity and profitability of technological process the reception coatings; high quality of coatings (surpasses in operational properties coatings on the basis of liquid paints).

After application paint and varnish material on a coloured surface all solvent is volatilised. The neurotoxic effects caused by these substances of specific toxic activity, are real threat to population health.

The use of vacuum expedients of application, pulverisation of paints in an electric field allows to essentially lower the solvent content in paint and varnish materials.

The greatest value in a problem of paint and varnish materials wastes have the heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, chrome), and also biocides. The basic changes in a compounding with transition from highly toxic compounds (mercury, arsenic, tin-organic biocides) to less toxic (copper, zinc) are now observed.

Environmental protection against pollution by toxic industrial wastes in wide gauges should be solved by introduction low-waste processes in manufacture, and also a mass recovery the components of industrial wastes in a finished product. A waste of paint and varnish industry is among to technological that allows to guide their most part to recycling and preparation the paints for marking the roads, outside colouring the buildings and constructions, and also insert in building materials.

A not less value here such solutions have: making the various types of the closed technological systems and water turnaround cycles, development and introduction the systems of recycling, creation and introduction the new processes of reception the traditional types of goods, creation the territorially-industrial complexes having closed structure of the raw materials and a waste material streams.

Processing and liquidation dangerous waste can occur at different ways:

- Physical processing (sorption on coal, dialysis, electrodialysis, transpiration, filtering, flocculation and sedimentation, return osmosis);

- Chemical processing (calcination, ionic exchange, neutralisation, sedimentation, thermal processing, pyrolysis, burning);

- Biological processing (pulp activation process, irrigating pulps, irrigating filters);

- Liquidation or storage in special buildings, storehouses, an underground burial, an unloading in ocean.

The waste of paint and varnish materials is actual problem and should be solved with attraction the experts of appropriate professional level with use modern laboratory facilities. Introduction the new materials, exception from compounding high-toxic substances, transition to new methods of painting operations promote decrease in quantity and danger of waste to person and environment.