Экономические науки/11. Логистика
Салауатова Д.М., Богданова А.А., Арабаджи
К.Д.
Карагандинский государственный университет
им. Е.А. Букетова, Казахстан
International experience of
creating
transport and logistics clusters
In the period of expanding globalization of the economy in many
countries of the world, both with developed economies and developing countries,
clusters have become widespread. World experience gives examples of improving
the competitiveness of territories and production complexes through the
implementation of cluster regional policies.
We considered the European network of transport and logistics clusters
and the possibility of applying the European experience for creating clusters
in the
In
According to the Secretariat of the European Conference of Ministers of
Transport in 42 member countries of this organization in the period from 1970
to 2008 the freight turnover of road transport increased from 513.9 billion
tons to 1848.3 billion tons or more than three times. Passenger traffic
increased from 2631.1 billion passengers to 5507.3 billion passengers, or more
than twice.
It is with the
development of the trans-European network of logistics centers that presentations
and projects are being developed, which are associated with logistics on a
European scale.
The experience of the countries of
Currently, the European network of transport and logistics clusters can
identify 25 primary and about 60 secondary transport and logistics clusters in
Figure 1. European Network of Transport-Logistics Clusters.
Thus, in the network of European transport-logistics clusters, one can
see a three-level hierarchy: global transport and logistics clusters (TLC),
primary and secondary TLC. The largest accumulation of TLC occurs on the most
economically developed and transit potential territories.
Some examples of transport logistics clusters in Europe are TLC
Frankfurt and Padborg, the latter developed at the border crossing between
In the transport and logistics cluster,
Local companies offer and implement a full range of logistics services:
from the planning and construction of logistics facilities and systems to
advisory services for the flow of material / cargo flow management and supply
chain management. The excellent infrastructure of local IT companies helps
logistics companies install electronic data processing systems of sufficient
capacity, accounting for the flow of goods with time and taking the necessary
security measures.
Forwarding firms cover with their assortment the whole range of
logistics services. In addition, there are companies specializing in certain
types of services - transport, courier, delivery or express delivery of
parcels.
The German model of
construction of logistics centers is characterized by a number of features.
First of all, this
is a strong state support at all levels, which is based on federal laws and
laws of the federal states [3].
In
In
It is obvious that transportation
and logistics clusters are a completely new phenomenon in the economic life of
regions and the country as a whole. But it is in this form of organization that
specialists see the future development of transport and logistics services in
- first, it is a synergetic effect
as a result of the merger of individual elements into a single system, which
allows it to obtain a greater economic result than the sum of the economic
results of individual elements.
- secondly, the reduction of
logistics costs due to economies of scale and territorial location and
proximity of participants.
- thirdly, modernization of
transport infrastructure and accelerated introduction of innovations.
As a result, the creation of
clusters makes it possible to improve the quality of servicing the
transportation of goods and passengers, and the country's competitiveness in
the international arena.
References:
1. Georgiy G. Transport and logistics
centers: foreign experience. // Autocarrier 2009. - №12. - P.111.
2. Smirnov IG The processes of
transport-logistical clustering in the European Union and
3. Tipyuhin N. Logistics to increase the competitiveness of the Russian
transport market. // External environment. - 2011. - №2. - P. 9-13.
4. Kuznetsova E.A. Transport-logistical cluster of the