Kseniia Moisieieva fourth year student

National Technical University of Ukraine 'Kyiv Polytechnic Institute'

Improvement of foreign economic activity of industrial enterprises of Ukraine

To find ways to improve foreign economic activity (FEA) is caused by entering a new stage in the world economy, which requires significant efforts from both the state as a whole and of individual enterprises, which will depend on further economic and social development. In such situation it is necessary to form an effective mechanism for managing foreign economic activities of all participants, in the first place - industrial enterprises. A significant number of domestic enterprises have already won some segments of foreign markets. They have strong and mutually beneficial relations with foreign partners. However, in terms of liberalization and integration into the world economy is becoming increasingly important that would facilitate the conquest and retention of strong competitive advantages in existing and new markets.

Essence of FEA is the comprehensive analysis and modeling of the international environment, coupled with the well interaction of all departments and officials of organizations or businesses for a productive meeting agreed foreign policies.

There are two levels of principles of economic activity: general (scientific, systematic, mutual utility) and national (Ukraine's sovereignty, freedom of foreign trade business, not allowed discrimination, rule of law and protect the interests of economic operators) [2].

The state authorities of Ukraine, which refers to the management of FEA: The Parliament, Cabinet of Ministers, The National Bank Ukraine, The Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of Ukraine, The State Customs Committee and the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. Managed system includes natural and artificial persons [2].

There are functional and subject approaches in FEA management. The subject approach means that every kind of business has internal technology. The functional approach means that realizing the goals of economic activity connected with such management functions as: planning, organization, motivation, control and regulation [3].

The organization of economic activity connected both with internal factors (the scale of economic activity, costs, the complexity of products, an experience, a control), and with external factors (an economic freedom, the competition, the presence in the country, risks) [1].

Also, the organization depends on methods of entering foreign markets:

- A direct access to foreign markets through its own Department of Foreign Trade or

- Go to foreign markets through intermediaries.

Entering foreign markets is closely related to marketing (the market research, the study of supply and demand, the study of working conditions, etc.).

Planning in marketing is a continuous cyclical process, which aims are to bring enterprise capabilities in line with market conditions. Marketing plan is usually consist of the following sections [1]:

- The description of short and long term business objectives;

- The results of prediction markets;

- The description of the marketing strategies of companies in each market;

- The description of the controls over the implementation of the marketing plan.

Marketing plan is a plan of action which has several options. The wide plan allows flexibility to respond to changing the external environment, minimizes the mishandling of stuff provided emergency circumstances.

The economic content of marketing is to accelerate the return on production assets, an enhancement of mobility and a level of competitive products, the timely creation of new products and to accelerate their progress in those foreign markets, which can be achieved maximum commercial effect [1].

Application of marketing forces to rethink the established practice of planning, material incentives, pricing as in departments and in the upper echelons of production management. It is necessary to rebuild the organizational structure, establishing clear authority and responsibility. It is essential for the implementation of marketing in practice because marketing as a management function includes organizational structure.

The main functions of FEA risks management of are: the analysis of situations and identify possible risks, to evaluate the likely damage and decision-making aimed at its reduction, the implementation of decisions and control their execution. The principal methods of reducing potential damages are: insurance, hedging and the use of various forms of cash and credit relations, analysis and market forecasting.

In a scientific and technological progress taking place significant changes in science and technology. A speed of enterprise adaptation to these changes, the transition to production, and a consumption of the most effective new products is essential for its “survival”. The question of studying the market is to get special significance to each enterprise, their goal is to find “niche” market, where, first, the position of a competitor strong enough or, secondly, the needs of the consumers are not satisfied by some competitors.

All management functions are aimed at solving the main task - the competitive products with minimal cost creation and production to obtain pre-determined share of profits. In modern terms the exceptional value of the output on foreign markets get quality products, and control exercised by her, and implementation measures of sales, service after sales, services, advertising campaigns. In a result achieving of these measures goals to obtain the maximum and steady profits and entry into new markets or consolidate the existing market are the main criterion for the improvement of foreign economic activity.

Literature

1. O.A. Kirichenko. International Management: Teach. Manual. - 3 rd ed., revised. and add. - K.: Knowledge-Press, 2002. - 384 p.

2. V. Machuskyy. Commercial law / V. Machuskyy, V Postulha / Teach. Manual. - K.: MBK, 2004. - 275 p.

3. A. Fatenok-Tkachuk. Analysis of factors influencing on the activities of foreign engineering firms. Proceedings KNTU. Economic Sciences, 2010, n. 17.