Медицина/ 11. История медицины

Ph.D. Kutya S.A.

Crimea State Medical University named after S.I. Georgievskiy, Ukraine

Anniversaries in history of morphology in 2011

Michael Servetus (1511-1553) – a Spanish physician and theologian. His book “Restitutio Christianismi” (1553) contained first in Europe description of pulmonary circulation. Servetus was burnt alive at Geneva as a heretic at the instigation of Calvin.

Thomas Willis (1621-1675) – an English physician and anatomist. He greatly advanced our knowledge, of the blood vessels of the brain, where the circle of Willis is named after him. In 1674 he determined the sweetness of diabetic urine by the taste.

Jan van Hoorne (1621-1670) – A celebrated Dutch anatomist. Professor of anatomy and surgery at Amsterdam (1633); then professor of anatomy and surgery at Leyden. He was one of the first to observe the thoracic duct in man, and described the submandibular duct, which was subsequently known as Wharton's duct. He discovered the mammary ducts in 1652.

Walter Needham (ca 1631- 1691) – an English physician, who described the placenta and foetal blood vessels; and recognized the nature of the parotid duct.

Regnier de Graaf (1641-1673) – a Dutch physician and anatomist. He discovered the ovarian follicle (which is named Graafian follicle in his honor), described the anatomy of the testicles and collected secretions of the gallbladder and the pancreas.

Giovanni Domenico Santorini (1681-1737) – an Italian anatomist. Discoverer of the accessory pancreatic duct, the corniculate cartilage of larynx, the superior nasal concha.

Jean Baptiste Bianchi (1681-1761) – an Italian anatomist. He attained the reputation of being the first anatomist and the most celebrated physician of his time. He was professor of anatomy in Turin.

Pierre Lallouette (1711-1792) – a French physician and physiologist. Published treatise about thyroid gland in 1743. Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland is named Lallouette’s pyramid in his honor.

Johann Nathaniel Lieberkuehn (1711-1756) – a German physician and anatomist in Berlin, known especially for his wonderful injections and his microscopical observations. He invented the solar microscope in 1738. Intestinal crypts are named for him.

Dmitri Ivanovich Ivanov (1751-1821) – a Russian anatomist. In dissertation “On the origin of intercostals nerves”, defended in 1780 in Strasbourg, he disproved an opinion that sympathetic nerves derive from cranial nerves, detected rightly direction of gray communicating branches, and that deep petrosal nerve derives from cervical sympathetic ganglia.

Caspar Wistar (1761-1818) – an American physician and anatomist. Professor of chemistry (1789), adjunct professor of anatomy, midwifery and surgery (1791-1808), professor of anatomy (1808-1818). He wrote the first American textbook on anatomy, “A System of Anatomy” (2 vol., 1811-14), and left an anatomical collection that eventually passed to the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology. He was an early promoter of vaccination. The plant genus Wisteria was named in his honor.

Joshua Brookes (1761-1833) – a British anatomist and surgeon. His museum was enriched with the choicest anatomical specimens and osteological preparations; and the lectures on anatomy, which he delivered to his pupils (he educated no less than 7000 pupils), laid the foundation of the scientific fame of many distinguished members of the profession.

Johann Christian Rosenmueller (1771-1820) – a German anatomist. 1802-1820 - professor of anatomy and surgery in Leipzig. An anatomist of many interests, he has written a number of important treatises which have advanced the science of anatomy.

Marie François Xavier Bichat (1771-1802) – a French anatomist and “father of histology”. Despite the fact that he worked without a microscope he was the first to introduce the notion of tissues as distinct entities.

Ludwig Iosiphovich Vannoti (1771-1819) – a German physician. First head of human anatomy department in Kharkov medical institute (1810-1811). Founder of Kharkov anatomical school.

Frederick Tiedemann (1781-1861) – a zoologist and embryologist. Professor of zoology, human and comparative anatomy in Landshut (1805); in Heidelberg also physiology (1816-49). He was the first to show that the neural axis is composed of two folds.

Johann Friedrich Meckel (Junior) (1781-1833) – a German surgeon and anatomist, 1781-1833. Professor of anatomy and surgery at Halle, 1781-1831. A noted comparative anatomist.

Robert Knox (1791-1862) – a Scottish anatomist. He was the first to teach general anatomy from the descriptive, histologic and comparative angles.

Alfred Donne (1801-1878) – a French anatomist, 1801-1878. Known for his microscopical studies.

Vincent Alexander Bochdalek (1801-1883) – a Czech anatomist, was one of the pioneers in describing congenital diaphragmatic hernias in newborns.

Willem Vrolik (1801-1863) – a Dutch anatomist and pathologist. He was a pioneer in the field of vertebrate teratology.

Johannes Peter Muller (1801-1858) – a German physiologist and comparative anatomist. He made numerous researches in various departments of physiology, and in particular he extended knowledge as to the mechanism of voice, speech and hearing, and as to the chemical and physical properties of lymph, chyle and blood.

Pyotr Andreevich Naranovich (1801-1858) – a Russian anatomist. Head of human anatomy department in Kharkov medical institute (1837-1853). Noted for his treatise “Anatomo-physiological description of human locomotor organs” (1850).

Karl Bogislaus Reichert (1811-1883) – a German anatomist and embryologist. Reichert is remembered for his work in embryology, his pioneer research in cell theory, and his anatomical studies of the brain and inner ear. With Ernst Gaupp he was co-architect of the Reichert-Gaupp theory concerning the origin of mammalian ossicles of the ear. Designed a microtome.

Julius Ludwig Budge (1811-1880) – a German anatomist and physiologist. He was known for his anatomical and physiological studies on the vegetative nervous system. Discovered that sympathetic stimulation results in dilation of pupil and that stimulation of parasympathetic fibers of oculomotor nerve produces the opposite effect.

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) – a German anatomist and pathologist. Virchow has been styled the father of modern pathology. His work “Cellular Pathology” published in 1858 had a marked influence on the pathological teaching of the nineteenth century. He was also a politician, an anthropologist and an archaeologist. He edited the well-known “Virchow's Archiv” for pathological anatomy.

Franz von Leydig (1821-1908) – a German comparative histologist. He is called the founder of comparative histology, and especially well known for his work on the cutaneous sense organs in amphibians and fishes.

August Rauber (1841-1917) – a German anatomist and embryologist. He used phylogenetic principle to explain the similitude of the embryonic development of birds and mammals.

Henryk Kadyi (1851-1912) – a Polish anatomist. Initiated revival of medical faculty in Lviv University. First head of department of descriptive anatomy (1894-1912), dean of medical faculty, rector of this university.

Werner Spalteholz (1861-1940) – a German anatomist. Author of three-volume «Handatlas der Anatomie des Menschen» - most popular anatomy atlas during the first half of the twentieth century. It’s German version has run into fourteen editions. Designed methods of clarification of anatomical specimens (Spalteholz’s liquid).

Christian Georg Schmorl (1861-1932) – a German pathologist. Author of handbook of histological technique. Proposed staining method used for the detection of osteocytes and their processes (Schmorl’s stain).

Heinrich Lissauer (1861-1891) – a German physician. He described dorsolateral tract in spinal cord (Lissauer’s tract) in 1886.

Henry Head (1861-1940) – an English neurologist, who conducted pioneering investigations into the somatosensory system: on regeneration of peripheral nerves, on localization of sensory centers in cerebral cortex, on aphasia.

Florence Rena Sabin (1871-1953) – an American anatomist and medical researcher. Her excellent and innovative work on the origins of the lymphatic system, blood cells, and immune system cells, and on the pathology of tuberculosis was well-recognized during her lifetime. She was the first woman appointed to the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, the first woman to be elected president of the American Association of Anatomists, the first woman elected to membership of the National Academy of Sciences.

Anatoliy Sergeevich Tsvetkov (1901-1959) – a Soviet anatomist. First head of human anatomy department in Chita medical institute (1953-1954). Wrote monograph “Anatomy of nerves of human cerebral base arteries” (1948).

Boris Vladimirivich Alyoshin (1901-1991) – a Soviet histologist. Head of histology, cytology and embryology department of Kharkov medical institute (1937-1974). Known for his researches on histophysiology of endocrine system.

Xeniya Dmitrievna Filatova (1901-after 1972) – a Soviet anatomist. She was the first head of human anatomy department in Chernovtsi (1944-1952) and Dnepropetrovsk medical institutes (1953-1972). Remembered for her researches on experimental and professional scoliosis.

Vladislav Viktorovich Tkach (1931-2007) – an Ukrainian anatomist. Known for his pioneering investigations in experimental liquorology.

Pavlo Pylypovich Shaparenko (1931-2008) – an Ukrainian anatomist. Head of human anatomy department of medical university in Vinnitsa (1990-2007). He studied human somato- and organogenesis in process of ontogenesis.