A.T.Uskelenova, Ph.D. in Economics,

Abai Каzakh National Teaching University, Republic of Kazakhstan

DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES & SUPPORT FOR STABLE DEVELOPMENT

In Kazakhstan, the "Strategy of Industrial & Innovation Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2015" provides for creation of conditions for the development of: innovation and high-tech and science intensive industries in the medium and small-scale business due to the acquisition of equipment and technologies by leasing, the franchising relations becoming wide spread, and the cooperation of the small-scale business with large-scale enterprises. To activate a real innovation process, the Program of Formation and Development of the National Innovation System for 2005-2015 is being realized by the R.K. Government [1]. The National Innovation System is subdivided into the following four subsystems:

1) Scientific potential,

2) Innovation business,

3) Multilevel innovation infrastructure. This is a system consisting of interrelated production, - consulting, - educational and information structures that provide and ensure conditions to realize innovation activities. The innovation infrastructure includes the following elements: national and regional technoparks, business incubators, venture funds etc.

4) Financial infrastructure – a subsystem intended for a complex financing of research-and-production and educational processes in the field of innovation and technological development. It is based on the combination of different mechanisms of direct and indirect state support of innovation business and infrastructure.

The Program of Formation and Development of the National Innovation System lays emphasis not just on the acquisition of equipment and the transfer of advanced technologies from abroad, but on the production application of domestic developments first of all. Thus, appropriate measures to increase the efficiency of training of technicians in domestic and foreign research institutes and institutes of higher education are being taken in the Republic.

The analysis of the world practice proves that the national innovation systems have as a rule, a number of specific characteristics peculiar to the national institutions, the features of historical development, and the transformation and the self-organization of national systems under the state control. The control is intended for a further development of the regulatory basis and the matching of it with new conditions of such development, and for the formation and improvement of the mechanisms of financing and stimulation of innovation processes, and the adaptation of institutional structures to the changing conditions. The important line of development of the National Innovation system is to form the so-called network economy. The basis of such economy is transnational corporations and small venture firms serving such corporations. And the state support of the small innovation business promotes the said transnational corporations.

The matters of formation of the national innovation systems infrastructure are developed in many researches.

Let’s consider the experience of Russia included in the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) group. Three stages can be mentioned in creating a national research & innovation complex in Russia. [2, p.p.18-20].

The first stage (1992–1996) consisted in forming the regulatory basis of science and mechanisms of adaptation of science to the market conditions. During the initial period of market changes owning to the collapse of financing, urgent measures were taken to preserve the major constituents of the scientific and technical complex, first of all, of the abstract science. At the same time, it was necessary to provide a basis of market mechanisms for distribution of budgetary funds. The main normative document was the law of science and the state scientific and technical policy.

The second stage (1997–2000) was connected with the development of a concept and a plan of reformation of the Russian science. The basic work in that field was carried out in 1997 and was related to the stabilization of economy and a substantial increase in the financing of science. The concept set forth views on the reformation of the scientific and technical sphere. The plan was actually frustrated owing to the crisis of 1998, but is basic approaches were preserved in the developed Fundamentals of the R.F. Policy for development of science and technologies as approved by the R.F. President on March 30, 2002.

The third stage of the said reformation (since 2000 until now) may be characterized as transfer from the phase of survival to that of development. At this period, measures are being taken to prepare normative documents that determine development of the whole research & innovation complex including both scientific and innovation components. A perspective model of the state sector of science has been formed including organizations of public academies of sciences, reformed public research centres built by the principle of head branch institutes, research and planning organizations and design bureaus for double and special purpose, scientific organizations controlling the performance of particular functions imposed on the federal bodies of executive power, and scientific organizations within the institutes of higher education. A Strategy for development of science and innovations in the Russian Federation until 2015 has been approved where the main system problem of the Russian sector of research and developments is emphasized arising out of the fact that its rate of growth and structure do not meet the needs of the society, the national security and the rising demand on the part of the business/enterprise sector for advanced technologies. The purpose of the strategy has become formation of a balanced sector of research and developments and an effective innovation system that ensure technological modernization of economy and an increase in its competitiveness. The strategy of development of the Russian scientific and innovation complex is determined by a number of factors having a national economic importance and set forth, first of all, in the concept for a long-term social and economic development of the country where a combination of the Russia’s advantages as an energy power with a transfer to the innovation type of development is underlined. To solve the set tasks, one should:

- To build a management system for the scientific and innovation complex adequate to the market conditions subject to the Russian specificity;

- To form infrastructure of innovation activities and mechanisms of the state support of innovations;

- To develop methods of distribution of exclusive rights to research and developments subject to the acceptance of the fourth part of the R.F. Civil Code;

- To make effective approaches to the stimulation of innovation activities and the transfer of technologies;

- To form and put into practice a training model for managers and specialists for the applied scientific and technical and innovation activities, which adequate to the market needs;

- To build a multilevel system of training and generation of inclination to the innovation activities (infant schools → school → institute of higher education → occupational refresher).

The similar but more difficult (as regards realization) tasks should be also solved by Kazakhstan. So, we should draw up a section of the Civil Code devoted to the matters of research activities (for stimulation of innovation activities). The generalization of the world and domestic experiences in creating the infrastructure allows us to judge on the perspective use of mechanisms of the public-private partnership.

The main point of our proposal is to use the said mechanism of the public-private partnership in the innovation sphere within the national innovation system. Here it is important to make a proper choice since each form of such partnership has its advantages and disadvantages (see Table 1). There has been no uniform interpretation of the public-private partnership in the innovation sphere in the Kazakhstan legal system until now, and its official definition is not available in the statutory acts.

Table 1 – Basic advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used forms of the public-private partnership

Forms of partnership	Description of forms of partnership	Advantages	Disadvantages
Service provision contracts	A private company is only authorized to maintain a state-owned facility (maintenance, process supervision, repairs)	A possibility to make professional technical appraisal by the private sector	It is undesirable if there occurs a substantial improvement in maintaining a facility in case of a weak general management of the infrastructure available
Management & maintenance contracts	A private company manages a facility bearing responsibility to the state for the management and is given remuneration on the results of its operation	Benefits in the efficiency of management	Acquisition of benefit may cause difficulties since the state is still liable for investments
Operation & maintenance contracts	A private company takes the state-owned property on leasing, and is liable for it, and earns profit, and pays leasing payments	A commercial risk is borne by the private sector, which motivates efficiency	An appropriate administrative structure is required as the state is still liable for investments
Research engineering and/or development contracts	A natural or legal person caries out research engineering and/or development getting remuneration on the results of its operation	A risk is borne by the private sector, which stimulates research activities	A reliable regulatory mechanism and state investments are required
Contracts for designing, construction, financing and operation	The state transfers a facility for a period fixed by a concession agreement, and a company bears risk not only for its operation and maintenance, but for investments. Upon the expiry of the term of the agreement, the facility shall be returned to the state.	A company seeks to increase efficiency of its investments	A reliable regulatory mechanism and state investments are required
Contracts for construction, ownership and operation	A facility is transferred for an uncertain period. Such contracts differ from privatization that responsibility for service provision is still borne by the state. Thus, the state may at any time cancel such contract.	A company seeks to increase efficiency of its investments	A reliable regulatory mechanism is required
N o t e – completed by the author on the basis of [3. p.11, 12]

We propose the following definition: public-private partnership in the innovation sphere is a peer partnership of legal and natural persons in the state and private sectors of economy on the mutually beneficial contractual terms to solve the key innovation objectives of the society.

The choice of a form of the public-private partnership depends on the purposes pursued under a particular project and on the distribution of responsibility as per the duties of ownership, operation, risk and investments. The table 2 systematize forms of the public-private partnership subject to these duties.

Table 2 – Distribution of responsibility in different forms of the public-private partnership

Forms of public-private partnership	Ownership	Operation & technical support	Capital investments	Commercial risk	Period of validity
Service provision contracts	State	State & private sector	State	State	1-2 years
Management & maintenance contracts	State	Private sector	State	State	3-5 years
Operation & maintenance contracts	State	Private sector	State	State and private sector	8-15 years
Contracts for research engineering & development, designing, construction, financing and operation	State & private sector	Private sector	Private sector	Private sector	20-30 years
Contracts for construction, ownership and operation	State & private sector	Private sector	Private sector	Private sector	Not fixed
N o t e – Completed by the author subject to [3, p. 12]

We have determined above that the key factor of economic growth is human capital.

According to the level of development of the human capital, Kazakhstan is referred to the average-developed countries holding 79^th place by the world rating with IHDP (Index of human development and potential) equal to 0,774 [4, p.284]. The qualitative composition of the R.K. population is characterized by highly qualified labour resources represented by research fellows and instructors of institutes of higher education. There are also cadres of the top and medium structural units in the industry, the sphere of the state control and private companies. We have succeeded in the preservation of the scientific and technical potential by organizing national scientific centres and providing the state support to the academy of sciences and higher education. This potential is a creator of high tech and science intensive industries. For the time being, the scientific and technical sphere lags in the transfer to the market basis, though there are necessary conditions: a legislative basis is created, necessary program documents are drawn up and an appropriate legislative basis is developed. Thus, the "Concept for integration of research institutions and institutes of higher education with science intensive industries" provides for the creation of an applied sector of science existing on the basis of the laws of market economy, and the creation of "point" centres of science intensive industries of the fifth process structure [5].

However, these science intensive industries of the fifth process structure have not been created until now. Even in Almaty where about 45% of the total intellectual potential of the country are concentrated, contribution of the fourth process structure does not exceed, according to the most optimistic estimations, 25-35%, and the third structure dominates – about 50-60%, which contribution remains at the level of 5-10%. The fifth process structure is generated with difficulty. On account of the incompleteness of the reproduction contour, science intensive products of this structure are manufactured in single pieces of low quality and for a high cost [6]. In those regions, where there is no scientific and technical potential, matters stand worse. Though also here one may act by establishing particular science intensive enterprises – branches and subdivisions of the R.K. national scientific centres. Then, based on them, one can form clusters. The cluster approach can radically change the content of the industrial policy, as here a traditional division into branches fails.

The Kazakhstan model of education is being developed according to the "State Program of Development of Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010". Subject to Art. 12 of the R.K. Law "Of Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan", the following multilevel structure of education is in force:

- preschool education and teaching,

- elementary education,

- basic secondary education,

- secondary education (general secondary education, technical and vocational education),

- post - secondary education,

- higher education,

- post - graduate education [7].

Adults are taught by educational institutions, and also by legal entities having structural subdivisions that realize additional educational programs. There are different ways of the obtaining of higher education – full-time courses, instruction by correspondence and evening courses as well as remote course and external studies. Educational institutions of the R.K. higher education system are divided into three types: classical university, specialized university or academy as well as institutes referred to the institutes of higher education of a university type.

One of the functions of the credit system of education is to apply an interstate quality assurance system for educations services as the system is one of the basic elements of the Bologna Process. In the world practice, to recognize educational programs (curriculums) of institutes of higher education, they should be certified for the quality of services rendered. In Kazakhstan, internal and external assessments of the quality of education are being applied; standardized assessment means and instruments are improved that determine a level of the progress of students; organizational structures are set up. The system of the state grants and credits gives positive results: admission of entrants has turned to be protected from corruption.

The following two problems are underlined in the system of higher education:

- Disbalance of the manpower training structure in the context of specialities. As a result, there is an excess of specialists of liberal education and a lack of technical ones;

- Low quality of training of specialists owing to the ineffective state control.

Economics and law are the basic directions of education in private institutes of higher education.

In case of a low population and an average birth rate, the health of people is of great importance for the economic growth. Unfortunately, the state of the health protection in Kazakhstan leaves much to be desired, the same being not able to fully ensure that the health of people is protected, maintained and recovered, and the population is reproduced. The birth rate acquired a positive tendency only in 2002- 227117 infants, and in в 2005 – 278977 (в 2001 – 221487) [8, p.202].

The regulatory basis of the R.K. health protection system includes the Laws "Of Health Protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan" of May 19, 1997, "Of Health Protection System" of July 4, 2003, the "State Program of Reformation and Development of Public Health in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010" of September 13, 2004 [9-11]. To realize State Program of Reformation and Development of Public Health in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010, target transfers are provided for. The problem is not in developing such transfers. And failure to develop so is allowed to the largest extent as related to the current target transfers allocated for provision of particular categories of citizens with medicines on preferential terms, who are treated as out-patients.

At the Alma-Ata Conference of the WHO in 1978, the first medical aid system in the USSSR was acknowledged as the most thought-out one and was recommended to all countries for implementation. At that time Kazakhstan held the first place worldwide in the number of doctors per one inhabitant (40,0 per 10 000 persons). Even in 1996, the index was 35,3 doctors per 10 000 persons, which was higher than the similar indices in Great Britain (25,9) and the U.S.A. (28,8). During the years of the crisis, there was a tendency of reduction in the number of doctors, which was 33,9 doctors per 10 000 persons in 1999. That circumstance was explained as an approach to the world standards. Then, after the occurrence of the private sector in the Public Health, there has been a growth since 2000. Provision of all specialities with doctors was 55,5 doctors per 10000 persons in 2005 – 55,5 [12, p.82].

Now Ныне the first medical aid system is the basis of the WHO’s Strategy "Health to everybody" and the main instrument in reforming national health protection systems. Many countries applying the principles of the first medical aid system have succeeded much in health protection. According to the WHO’s experts, up to 90% of the population in the advanced countries are mainly treated in the institutions of the first medical aid system. Development of the first medical aid system is expressed by the increase in the network of such institutions of the first medical aid system.

More attention is paid to the rural health protection now. A clear relation is seen between the health of the rural population and the economic growth in the agriculture. Earlier rural inhabitants were given medical aid as occupational medical examinations once a year. The lack of prospects, low wages and bad living conditions derive doctors of any motivation to work in the countryside. In the course of optimization, a majority of rural medical institutions were reduced, and a part of them was reorganized into the rural ambulance stations and medical assistant’s and obstetrician’s stations. The situation threatened to the national security of the country [13, c.13].

In the "National Report on the Human Development for 2005" the two important factors were underlined that threatened to the stable human development in the country. They were related to the following changes in the structure of economy:

1) Almost a fivefold reduction of the share of agriculture in the GDP, as related to 1990, affects the capabilities of development of agricultural regions that requires further measures for development of the agricultural food complex of the country, and of the production and social infrastructure in the countryside;

2) The increase in the raw material direction of economy of Kazakhstan threatens the economic security and prevents a stable economic development of the country. A level of expenses for education and health protection in percentage to the GDP is 1,5–2 times lower than that of 1991 and of the level available in the advanced countries and a number of countries of transition economy, that sets a task of a further increase in the expenses of the state budget for these two major spheres of the human development [14, p.29].

We think that by 2030, IHDP (Index of human development and potential) of Kazakhstan shall be lead up to the level of 0,96-0,97. At present, Norway and Iceland have such level holding the first and second places in the rating made by the program of development of the organisation of the incorporated nations. For this purpose, investments are required in the TCP (the target complex program) of the social sphere (education, public health, preservation of the environment and others).

The scientific and technical potential is important for the industrial and innovation development. The scientific and technical potential includes many components: research-and-production infrastructure, volumes of financing of research engineering, quantitative and qualitative cadre potential of science and many others. In 2008 the science of Kazakhstan consisted of 421 organizations. The number of such organizations increased mainly due to the establishment of small enterprises. At the same time, a number of organizations in the scientific and technical sphere reduced a scope of research to a large extent, and some organizations suspended their scientific activities completely (table 3) [15, p.458]. The number of employees performing scientific research was 16304 persons at the end of 2008. The cadre potential id concentrated in the institutes of higher education, the national research centres and academic institutes. For the last five years, there is a stable tendency of the increase in the number of those, who are involved in research, mainly in the non-state sector.

The basic provisions of the concept for the increase in efficiency of the use of human capital under the conditions of the industrial and innovation development are drawn up in [16, p.307-325] as follows:

- Development of a human being as a purpose and means,

- Social and political stability,

- Stable economic growth based on the innovation changes, the ecologically safe nature management, and the entering the world economic system.

Under the conditions of the global competiveness, countries modify their man power continuously. The main requirement is to redistribute resources to the human capital improvement programs. Kazakhstan exports natural raw materials, and that requires no high qualification of employees. To develop the human capital, a set and a structure of incentives are of importance, with which manufacturers and consumers deal. In the market economy, such incentives may be described by means of prices. However, the prices are only a part of the incentive structure. Besides, such barriers are of importance as exclude participation in some markets and cases of economic activity without any intermediation and an explicit assessment (for example, work of housewives producing goods and services not estimated).

Table 3 – Basic indices of the state and the development of science in Kazakhstan

Scientific Organizations	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
The number of organizations having conducted research, total	259	267	273	295	390	437	438	421
Internal costs for research and developments, KZT in mln.	7154,1	9633,0	11643,5	14579,8	21527,4	24799,9	26835,5	34761,6
In % to GDP	0,22	0,24	0,25	0,25	0,28	0,24	0,21	0,22
Fixed assets of the organizations involved in research and developments, KZT in mln.	6548,7	8024,0	9037,3	12396,6	14582,2	19247,7	18781,9	19176,7
The number of the personnel involved in research at the end of the year, persons	20208	20741	16578	16715	18912	19563	17774	16304
N o t e – Drawn up by the author as per the data [17, 18]

Nonprice aspects of the incentive system are of great importance. It is important because the existing incentive structure in Kazakhstan is accented to the objective of reception of investments for minimum interest, and it allows for the human development badly. So, here there are reserves for the increase in the efficiency of the human capital as well. Generally, at the level of the country, the efficiency of the human capital will increase if a highly skilled labour is remunerated failrly. Discrimination restricts a labour market, and it reserves well-paid and desirable work for the privileged minority and restricts some groups within the low-paid and undesirable work. Discrimination restricts a choice and possibilities. The incentive structure leads simultaneously to the ineffective use of labour and the unequal distribution of income. The greater part of manpower, especially in small towns and villages, has to seek means of subsistence, sometimes without remuneration. Thus, radical changes in the optimization of the ways of the state budget redistribution are required. Expenses for education, health, and occupational safety shall be considered as means of the human capital development. All this is impossible without the active participation of the state, the civil society and the people themselves. The state must increase the amounts of investments for research, education, health and ecology This can be achieved due to:

- The reduction of investment programs that make no contribution to the human development;

- The redistribution of budget funds in favour of the programs covering the maximum number of people;

- The uniform distribution of resources per large groups of the population, instead of their concentration in small ones that will result in the higher rate of return of the invested costs in future;

- The refusal of a complex and expensive social security system peculiar to the advanced countries, as in Kazakhstan it is oriented mainly towards the urban population and is to the benefit of the urban elite, i.e. it may be not justified within the concept of the human capital development human potential development;

- The proper monitoring of an idea of selectivity in social expenditure in favour of the concept of the human capital development human potential development.

Formation of a contingent of the highly skilled manpower is connected with the mastering of knowledge of nanotechnologies. At the same time, one should remember the role of universities in the preparation of highly qualified instructors for primary and secondary education.

Development of electronic education on the Internet basis provides for large educational capabilities. Therefore, the Internet is indispensable in the rural remote place. The electronic education strategy, its formats, curriculums and certification documents promotes a further employment of graduates and development of villages. At the same time, the electronic education increases the inequality of opportunities, since it can be available not to everybody [19, p.p.211-216.] In this respect, one should use remote education within reasonable limits and, since it does not provide for the presence of students, it should be deemed to be a sort of the instruction by correspondence. One must develop internet education standards, and make available free internet to the backward regions and the unemployed.

The rate of return of educational investments is attractive as benefits are high and costs are low. In the public health, an accent should be from the hospitals to the first medical aid programs, from the therapeutic medicine to the preventive one. The budget redistribution to the primary public health and education influences positively on each other. Financing from the budget usually provides no proper level of the human capital development. It should be combined with the use of internal reserves.

The state ensures that the human capital is developed using organizational and economic mechanisms. As as is well known, the state is a system of governmental, quasigovernmental and nongovernmental organizations that regulate activities of the society. All political, economic and legal actions of the state – budget, - regional, - tax, - scientific & technological, monetary and credit, - and demographic policies and so on – impart the human capital. The problem consists in determining a scope of intervention by the state in the human capital development.

To quantitatively determine the role of the state in the control of economic growth is impossible. The need in the re-comprehension of the role of the state and its functions in the context of the human capital development is still urgent. As proof of it, there is a report of the World Bank specially devoted to the role of the state in the world development [20]. The World Bank has changed its opinion about the role of the state per the two positions: development without the support of the state and an auxiliary role of the state. They are close to each other and supplement each other. The state creates public goods. These goods are conventionally divided into the following three groups. The first group includes creation and matching a new order, which provides the operation of the national economy in combination with the formation of the civil society. The objective of the second group is to create material and cultural preconditions for a stable economic growth by developing economic and social infrastructure – transport, communications, education, science, and public health. The objective of the third group is to replenish shortages of the market mechanism. An increase in the role of the state can be expressed by the following four measurements and processes: differentiation of its functions, integration of the society by the state, institutionalization of power and universalization of the state as a supreme form of organization of societies on a global scale [16, p.p.323-324].

At present, reformation of the processes of the state control of the human development is based on the participation concept where the right to such participation is one of the basic human rights set forth in the "General Declaration of Human Rights" (Art.21, Part1). The involvement of citizens in the process of the state control is especially important, where decisions concern the compliance with the human rights and freedoms. A peer dialogue between the population and the state is a form of control by the population of activities of governmental bodies. Thus, participation of the population in such control is an important detail of the development.

The Kazakhstan research-and-production associations the non-governmental organisations сarry on their activities guided by the experience of foreign ones that can be explained by the lack of traditions of functioning of public organizations. Such research-and-production associations the non-governmental organisations unites the most active part of the population with a higher level, of education. Economic problems are dealt with by approximately 15% of all research-and-production associations the non-governmental organisations; remedial ones – by 8%; problems of gender inequality and those of children and youth – by 14%; medical ones, and those in the sphere of culture, arts, science and education – by 13%; problems associated with social support and invalids – by 7%; those of support of social initiatives – by 6%. Such distribution strikingly differs from the U.S.A. where 25% of research-and-production associations the non-governmental organisations operate in the sphere of social service provision, 19% – public health, 14% – culture, 12% – charity, 10% – assistance and development, 9% – religious activity, 6% – education, 5% – conservancy [21, p.46]. The level of development of the civil society is evaluated by the two basic indices: а) membership in trade unions, б) the number of nongovernmental organizations. The first index is determined in percentage to the total number of manpower in non-agricultural sectors. In Sweden it is 77%, in Iceland – 71%, in Finland - 60%, in China – 55%, in Hungary – 52%, in Slovakia – 52%. The maximum number of research-and-production associations the non-governmental organisations are in France – 3551, in Germany – 3505, then in the United Kingdom – 3388, in Italy – 3257, in the Netherlands – 3203, in Spain – 3116. In the U.S.A the number of them is 2685, in Japan – 2122. In the C.I.S countries, such number is much lower: in Belarus – 474, in the Russian Federation – 1752, in Kazakhstan – 274, in the Ukraine – 890, in Kyrghystan – 130. The minimum number is in Iran, Eritrea and the Maldives [22].

The increase in the human capital level shall become a strategic direction of activities conducted by research-and-production associations the non-governmental organisations. To fully use the human factor, it is desirable to use the experienced of Russia. In the Russian Federation this factor is realized as "national projects". The main point of such national projects is to create a modern and effective human development system. The following two groups of arrangements may be mentioned in the national projects. On the one hand, allocation of additional budget resources to increase labour remuneration to the employees of the respective branches and implementation of structural reforms in the respective sectors, on the other hand. The two said groups cannot be separated from each other: it is politically risky and economically ineffective to solve one task ignoring the other. However, the risks that events will develop just so, are rather substantial. The increase in the salaries of doctors and teachers, investments and equipment, and other budget decisions are the necessary but insufficient condition of the implementation of a national project. It is undesirable that the social sector reform completes by the increase in the budget expenditure, that is to say, the first step turns to be the last one. Moreover, the increase in financing without structural reforms is fraught with negative results. A higher salary will lead not to the renewal of personnel but to the cadre conservation.

To prevent that, one should activate efforts to carry out the structural reform of the social sphere. The principal criteria, according to which the actions of the government in any country can be evaluated, are as follows: economic growth and increase in the living standard of the population.

Thus, the analysis of world practice testifies that national innovative systems, as a rule, possess a number of the specific characteristics inherent in national institutes, features of historical development, transformation and self-organising of national systems under control of the state. Management is directed on perfection of is standard-legal base and its reduction to conformity with new conditions of development, formation and perfection of mechanisms of financing and stimulation of innovative processes, adaptation институциональных structures to varying conditions. The important direction of development НИС is formation of so-called network economy. A basis of such economy are the multinational corporation and the small venture firms serving these corporations. Thus the state support of small innovative business gives multinational corporation support. Problems of working out of innovative activity are actual and for Kazakhstan. Key problem for realisation of the given policy is research of questions of perspectivity of use of mechanisms of state-private partnership. The essence of the offer investigated by us consists in use of the mechanism of state-private partnership in innovative sphere, as a part of national innovative system. It is necessary to make a correct choice since each form of partnership has advantages and lacks. In the Kazakhstan legal system till now there was no uniform understanding state-private partnership in innovative sphere, and its official definition in statutory acts is absent. Us following definition is offered: state-private partnership in innovative sphere? This partnership equal in rights legal and physical persons of the state and private sectors of economy on mutually advantageous contractual conditions with a view of the decision of key innovative problems of a society. Generalising the aforesaid, it is necessary to note all-round use of the mechanism of state-private partnership in innovative sphere, as a part of national innovative system. Reforming of processes of a state administration by human development is based on the participation concept, where the right to participation - one of fundamental laws of the person. The system approach to efficient control perfection the human capital includes not only институциональную reform and reform of system of public service, but also reorganisation of processes of development and realisation of the decisions adequate to requirements of social development.

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