Odintsova S.A., Bushuyeva E.G.
Buketov Karaganda State University, Kazakhstan
Didactic principles of using multimedia technologies
in the system of education
Multimedia
technologies are continuously penetrating into the different spheres of
educational activity. It is promoted by external factors, connected with
extensive informatization of the society and the necessity of adequate training
of school students, and internal factors, connected with spreading computers
such as multimedia means and software in comprehensive education institutions
as well as accepting state and interstate programmes of informatization of
education. In the most cases application of multimedia technologies makes
positive influence on intensification of teachers’ work and effectiveness of
school students’ study. Improving the effectiveness of learning on the base of
multimedia technologies depends on support of didactic principles:
1. Principle of
systemacy requires streamlining didactic material, its planning in accordance
with bases, rational division of material onto sense parts and stepped
mastering it. Concerning computer learning this principle:
-
proposes working out and determination of formalized model of a subject
by designing adequate computer program;
-
gives opportunity to differentiate database of programs into topic group
and even the whole courses; it is more preferable than separate fragmented good
programs;
-
causes a question about forms of using multimedia technologies in
teaching and learning process, ratio of new and traditional forms of learning.
2. Principle of
activity (independence). Students’ independence is a key to the solution of
modern issues of comprehensive education. It is necessary to involve students
in self-activity in the form of self-directed learning, self-up-brining,
self-regulation.
Multimedia
technologies actively involve students in teaching process. One of the
important preconditions of improvement – dialogue of student with computer, in
the process of which there are including knowledge in the system of activity.
The main problem of building educational dialogue with the means of multimedia
technologies (computer, smart board) – overcoming requirements of excessive
getting student answers, which are usually come to either to the choice of some
variants either to introduction of a key word.
Principle
of independence requires having the field of independence, which allows a
student to choose his own way of solution, estimate its effectiveness. By this
fact there is the right of student choice. He can answer the question in his
own way, and then to compare the answer with the sample.
During this organization of teaching process
school students learn to reflect, analyze their work, assess it, compare with
the sample. Feeling of satisfaction from the solution of the task brings to
formation of need in learning, creativity, self-directed work on getting new
knowledge.
3. Principle of
stepped overwhelming the difficulties.
By the
application of multimedia technologies it is necessary carefully to select
tasks, offered by the students, to think over the content of a dialogue between
computer and a student. Tasks must be according the level of knowledge of a
students, exercises – various. Complexity of offered by the programme tasks may
be changed at elementary stage of the work. This fact allows teaching at the
level which corresponds a student’s level of knowledge, releasing him from
solution of too easy or too difficult problems. By this fact there must be
dosed not only the difficulty but help.
4. Principle of link
of theory with practice. This principle shows that the importance of knowledge
is being aware by its meaning in the real life. So, application of multimedia
technologies in teaching and learning process let change the balance of
theoretical and practical aspects in education to the side of practice, because
they own unique opportunities of modeling difference phenomena and
processes.
Advantage of
education on the base of application of multimedia technologies is that
learning takes practical aspect: dialogue character of work, modeling
opportunities predispose to the learning in the form of problem solving with
practical aspect. By this it is advisable to use methods of projecting and
modeling.
5. Principle of
individualization. Individualization of education based on using multimedia
technologies connects with interactive character of the work and presence of
computer at students’ desks as well as smart board. There might be more deep
and sharp account of individual features of students by means of multimedia
technologies. There might be determined the level of training of a school
student with the help of pretesting and in accordance with this level there
might be present the theoretical material, issues and problems as well as tips
and help. In learning weak students the explanation of theoretical information
is simplified, questions and problems are simplified, help has a character of
direct tip. Learning strong students is conducted at the more complex level;
theory is deeply presented, there is
presented creative problems, demanded inventiveness and intuition, and help has
indirect character of tip.
With the help of
multimedia means it is possible to diagnose gaps in students’ knowledge, his
personal features and to build learning in accordance with it. Every student
gets an opportunity to study at a speed which is applicable for a certain
student. The students is then put in the stage of the higher level or lower
level of study depending on quality of students’ answers. Moreover these levels
are corrected, they depend on degree of mastering a potion of learning
material. By the way, different variants of multimedia means allow choosing a
learning software that is corresponds individual peculiarities of a student.
6. Principle of
effectiveness. In traditional learning this principle causes a question about
industry of didactic work of a teacher, rational using of time at a lesson.
Implementing
multimedia means in teaching and learning process enlarges the problem of
optimization of learning with the help of new aspects:
1. Methodological
improving software.
2. Problem solution of
rate and interlink between traditional learning and learning on the base of
using multimedia technologies, determination of the place of a teacher.
3. The opportunity of
involving multimedia technologies in organizational forms of traditional
education (lesson system).
The
main condition of successive education is the interest if school students to
the learned subject, the process of learning and its result. This interest
connects with a plenty of factors: content of a subject, level of its
complexity, organization of learning process of teacher’s encouragement and
punishments, personal qualities of a
teacher, his pedagogical mastery, system of values of a students, his close
environment, parents, interrelationships in the class, social order in training
on the trends of science, presented by certain subject. Organization of
learning process with the help of using multimedia technologies, change of
character of student’s study at a lesson promotes motivation to the study.
Reference
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