Narikbaeva L.M.,
doctor
of pedagogical sciences,
professor
of the Kazakh National
Pedagogical
University named after Abay
Republic
Kazakhstan, Almaty city
INTELLIGENCE LEADING TO PROFESSIOLNAL SUCCESS AS A
FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GIFTED PROFESSIONAL FUTURE SPECIALIST
Question of what still distinguishes people more successful in solving
occupational and other problems, from those who are less fortunate, have been worried
researchers and ordinary people for a long time. The relentless search for answers
to this question does not cease to generate new theoretical constructs that are
based on rigorous scientific methods. Thus, in the latest psychological
theories are not so one-sided estimated potential identity as the concept of
"intellectual giftedness" or "creative gifts" that were
popular throughout the XX century.
A number of studies have shown that many children and adults, has shown
high levels on tests of intelligence, creativity or academic success, but
showed good results on the parameters of social, emotional development and
practical skills to solve problems in unexpected situations, are very
successful in life and work . And their advantages in achieving success in life
are often so large that they are able to provide them not only to social
status, but also lead to the rank of a talented, outstanding, and even genius.
In this regard, in recent years, interest of researchers have been increased in
non-academic forms of intelligence: social intelligence, emotional
intelligence, practical intelligence, which, according to scientists, ensure
maximum realization of the personality and success in life and career, gives a
more accurate picture of the potential of individuals.
From the perspective of these approaches, foreign researchers proposed a
number of bright ¬ wives, although still controversial, even somewhat
repetitive the tractor ¬ work these types of intelligence. The similarity of
these different concepts of intelligence due to their practical value, because
the basis of the concepts of social, emotional and practical intelligence are
descriptive and procedural knowledge, the ability to recovery ¬ knowledge and ability to solve problems [1,
p.78]. In other words, we can assume
that the first sign of a gifted man relates to its interaction with the real
world, i.e. the ability to effectively apply the cognitive and meta-cognitive
knowledge in real life and activities. Many would agree that this aspect is
today an important component of modern society as the key to the successful
functioning of a person in today's changing circumstances is the development of
behavioral scenarios that meet the new social reality and the expected actions
in the real world.
Despite the fact that the said parties of intelligence tend to
differentiate their study is not difficult to understand from the title that
all of them - private, overlapping properties of the same complex system
constructs - intelligence. However, to clarify and set the context for the
perception put forward our position on the review of them as important;
however, as a single factor in the development of professional talented person,
we turn to the relevant works to identify, first of all, the internal
connections between these kinds of intelligence.
As the analysis of literature, researchers in the framework of these
approaches (social, emotional and practical intelligence) face several
challenges, which require consideration to determine the nature of each, and
the relationship between them. In particular, this applies to the following questions:
-
-
Is this or that investigated
intelligence actually kind of intelligence or whether it represents an
independent personal constructs? -
-
What is the relationship with the
general - academic intelligence, i.e. cognitive side of human psyche, and hence
to knowledge? -
-
What is the role of affective and
behavioral sides of human study of an intelligence? -
-
What is the relationship of each
with the other similar kind of intelligence (social, emotional or practical)? -
-
What are the criteria and structure
study of intelligence? -
-
How does this or that kind of
intelligence with such a concept as "competence"? -
-
What are the possibilities of
measuring procedures and methods of diagnosing this type of intelligence?
Based
on a preliminary analysis of relevant studies, we have attempted to answer
these questions for each of these types of intelligence. In the course of our
analysis of the literature, the fact
is clearly seen the relationship between all three considered types of
intelligence that gave us the following conclusions: -
-
virtually all researchers of social,
emotional and practical forms of intelligence to recognize the intersection of
the various parties with the intellect (thinking) in the traditional
understanding of its (both general and special mental abilities), which gives
grounds to assert that each of them is one or another kind of intelligence; -
-
all three types of intelligence find
correlations with academic intelligence, i.e., with the cognitive side of
mental (knowledge), but the main difference between each of them is the
greatest regard to personal characteristics, rather than with academic
intelligence, which gives the right to designate them as separate constructs
for the study as a form of non-academic intelligence;
-
-social, emotional and practical
intelligence manifest as one or another behavioral ability of a person, i.e.,
they are bound, in contrast to the academic with the activity-party rights in
collaboration with the social reality; -
-
the study of each of these forms of
intelligence to identify those or other parties due to the characteristics of
the opposite species (social, emotional or practical), i.e. they are closely
linked, the study of the mechanism of these linkages and the nature of their
relationship requires further research;
-
-the structure as a social and
emotional and practical intelligence reveals mainly two levels of components:
cognitive (a knowledge) and behavioral (operational), but the composition of
these components or that intelligence is characterized by its specific
differences, in particular: the social is associated with communication,
emotional - with emotions, practical - with the experience (tacit knowledge);
-
-each kind of intelligence is
closely related to one or another aspect of the concept of competence in a
broad sense, therefore, they are components of integrative competence
specialist; -
-
all three types of intelligence
(social, emotional and practical) have a practical orientation in terms of
interaction with reality, and this gives grounds to assert that they are all
practical forms of intelligence, based on "not verbal knowledge»; -
-
all three types of intelligence have
a recent history of intense study (the last decade ) as a direct forms of
intelligence, so the diagnostic techniques for measuring them is not enough and
in the process of further developments;
-
-social, emotional and practical intelligence discovered determining with
the success, both in training and in professional activities, as well as the
prognostic potential of at least than academic intelligence, which makes it
possible to speak of them as "intelligence, leading to professional
success.
In the context of our
subject of study - the development of professional talent of the future
specialist in high school, all of this, in our view, requires a combination of
an integrated concept of intelligence leading to the success of professional
activities as a system concept for all these aspects in the study of
intelligence, although in practical terms, it is expedient to identify and
measure differentially. So, on the basis of the foregoing, under the "Intelligence
leading to professional success" we mean "acquired the ability of social, emotional
and practical human interaction with reality, to ensure success in their
professional activities". The content side of the structure of this
factor, we generally give the table (see the table below).
The structure of the intelligence leading to
professional success
Levels/
Types of intellect |
Social Intellect |
Emotional intellect |
Practical intellect |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Cognitive -(knowledge
contented) |
- social knowledge -
knowledge about people, social knowledge of the rules, etiquette, morality,
understanding of events, situations and other people; - social
memory - memory for names, faces; - critical evaluation - the
verbal decoding of nonverbal information: feelings, moods, motives actions of
people whose behavior in the social context of; - social
forecasting - the ability to foresee the consequences of behavior, based on
available information, formulation of plans of intrinsic action, predict
behavior; |
-recognition
of emotions - the ability to establish the fact of varying emotions, both at
home and in other people; - identifying emotions - the ability to establish
what kind of emotion experienced by himself or another person (in words); -
understanding of emotions - the ability to understand the reasons and the
factors that caused the emotion, as well as to determine the consequences to
which it may lead; |
- Basic
knowledge -applied knowledge (applied, methodological, technological -
personal (tacit knowledge) |
Behavioural (activity - procedural) |
- social
perception - the ability to judge people, the ability to perceive social
situations adequate social knowledge, ability to listen to the interlocutor,
an understanding of humor; - social interaction - an adequate adaptation to
the interpersonal interaction, the ability to communicate with people,
willingness for joint business, creativity, ability to collective interaction
and, as the highest type of this interaction - a collective of creative honors; - social adaptation - openness in
relations with others, the ability to get along with and easy to meet with
other people, the ability to explain and convince others, self-esteem - the
ability to judge themselves reflection and monitoring their development,
assessment of unused alternative possibility
opportunities. |
-controlling
emotion and its intensity - self-regulation and excessive regulation of other
emotions; - controlling the external manifestations of emotions; - the use of
emotions for problem solving - the ability to cause one or another emotion. |
skills of education-cognitive activity of
students, allowing them successfully to master scientific and personal
(implicit) knowledge; the skills of evaluative-oriented activity, allowing
the students is realized to form and to formulate purposes, motifs of its activity,
to correct their value orientations, both in theoretical level, and at the
level of ordinary awareness; the skills of transformation activity, allowing
the students successfully to carry out design and the technological actions,
both in reproductive, and on creative level; the skills of communicative
activity, allowing the students to get hold of the forms, methods, methods of
professional communication; skills a.esthetic activity, allowing the students
to obtain the creative satisfaction from professional creativity. |
We
believe that, using these basic criteria, it is possible to develop procedures
to identify and quantify each of the designated parameters of intelligence
leading to professional success. It is particularly important that such an integrated
model of a specific kind of intelligence more fully reflects his constituents.
Using this model, in our opinion, it is also convenient to develop special
programs for the development of intelligence leading to professional success in
secondary school and in high school.
Literature
1.
Practical Intelligence / R. Sternberg, J. Forsyth, J. Hadland, J.A. Horvard, RK
Wagner, V.M. Williams, S.A. Snook, E.L. Grigorenko. - St.: Peter, 2002. - 272.
2. Social Intelligence: Theory, measurement,
research / edited by D.V. Lyusin, D.V. Ushakov - M.: Institute of Psychology
RAS, 2004. - 176.