Bekmagambetova Z.D., Karakushikova A.S., Toguzbaeva K.K., Niazbekova L.S., Seyduanova L.B., Dzhusupov K.D., Umarova M.M., Junistaev D.D., Nurshabekova A.B., Myrzakhmetova S.K.

The Kazakh national medical university named after S.D. Asfendiarov,

Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF AGE IN SEXUAL STRUCTURE OF WORKERS OF CEMENT MANUFACTURE

All-round studying of working conditions of workers on manufacture, the characteristic of medical and biologic indicators are necessary not only for revealing epidemiology of diseases, but also for the organization of improving, treatment-and-preventive actions among working [1, 2].

Objective of this research was an estimation of age-in-sexual structure of workers of cement manufacture which can reflect influence of harmful production factors on an organism of a working contingent.

It has been established that at the cement enterprise among all working personnel of 89,8 % workers made, 6,6 % - employees, 3,6 % - technical employees. The age-in-sexual structure of workers was characterized as follows: 84,8 % of workers made males, 15,2 % - female. Thus 8,8 % of workers were aged till 20 years, 29,8 % - 20-29 years, 27,9 % - 30-39 years, 25,7 % - 40-49 years, 5,5 % - 50-59 years, and 2,3 % - 60 years and old.

In a percentage parity of women-workers in age group till 20 years it has appeared much more above (16,2 %), than men (7,5 %). The similar situation was and in age groups of 50-59 years and 60 years and is more senior. In other age groups (20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years) relative density of men was above (26,9 % - 30,1 %), than women (8,1 % - 29,8 %).

Among employees of 65,3 % made men and 34,7 % – women. The basic relative density in the given group of workers had on aged people of 20-59 years (men – 85 %, women - of 88 %) whereas relative density among employees till 20 years and is more senior 60 years among men has made 14,9 %, and among women - 12,0 %.

It has been established that the basic part of employees was made by men and women at the age of active labor activity. The parity of men and women in technical group was the following: men – 53,8 %, women - 47,2 %. Among the given group of workers of 20,6 % have made persons at the age of 20-29 years. In whole, in technical group at the age of 20-59 years 79,7 % of men and the woman work.

In manufacture of cement at the age of active labor activity make 97,2 % from total number of workers. Thus 26,3 % of workers are involved in roasting section, 23,4 % - in crushing section, 16,9 % - in pack-in-transportation section , 21,8 % - in raw materials section, 11,6 % - in section of dustcatcher. In section of roasting of 93,8 % made males, 6,2 % - female, in crushing section, accordingly, 90,3 % and 9,7 %. In pack-in-transportation section of men-workers there were 78,2 %, and women - 21,8 %. In section of raw materials the quantity of workers of men has made 84,9 %, and women - 15,1 %. In dust removal section, accordingly, 62,8 % and 37,2 %.

It is necessary to notice that some sites of cement manufacture can be carried on working conditions very heavy. So, for example, in roasting section microclimatic conditions don't correspond to hygienic requirements. Air temperature in the given section reaches +500С and above, and during the winter period on the average +420С in the summer. Besides it, here in each hour hot air with energy of 1200 сal/sm3 moves. Level of a dust content of atmospheric air in section reaches 13,225 mg/m3 that exceeds maximum-permissible norms more than in 6,0 times. In a working zone of machinists high speed of movement of air which arises at opening of doors which is spent for the purpose of air exchange in the given section is marked. The noise proceeding from working devices in section exceeds the hygienic specification on 3-8 dBA.

Studying of duration of work on the given manufacture of various categories of workers has revealed that in section of roasting the experience of work at 12,5 % of women has made 1 - 5 years, at 50,0 % - 6-10 years, at 25,0 % - 11-15 years, at 12,5 % - 16-20 years. In section of crushing relative density of women with the experience of work of 1-5 years has made 40,9 %, 6-10 years - 36,4 %, 11-15 years - 13,6 %, 16-20 years - 9,1 %.

In pack-in-transportation section the quantity of women of working 1-5 years has made 30,6 %, 6-10 years – 25,0 %, 11-15 years – 19,4 %, 16-20 years – 13,9 %, 21-25 years – 11,1 %. In raw materials section the percentage parity of women with the experience of work of 1-5 years has made 28,2 %, 6-10 years – 25,0 %, 11-15 years - 18,7 %, 16-20 years – 18,7 %, 21-25 years – 9,4 %. In section of dustcatcher relative density of working women with the experience of 1-5 years there were 33,3 %, 38,2 % were with the experience of 6-10 years, 28,6 % - 11-15 years, 19,1 % - 16-20 years, 4,8 % - 21-25 years.

In section of roasting of working men with the experience of 1-5 years has made 68,1 %, 6-10 years – 17,1 %, 11-25 years – 4,1 %, 26 years and it is more – 2,5 %. Also the greatest relative density of workers of a male has been noted with the experience of work of 1-5 years in crushing section – 44,7 %, in raw materials section - 47,5 %, in section of dustcatcher - 69,1 %. Further, as well as group of workers of a female with increase in the experience of work reduction of relative density of males is marked.

Proceeding from the received data, it is possible to draw a conclusion that work in heavy conditions of work doesn't last for a long time. The greatest relative density working (85,2 %), occupied under trying conditions work, had the work experience rather not big – 1-5 years and 6-10 years. It is possible to explain it weight of labor process in some sections of cement manufacture.

Literature

1. Дедкова Л.Е., Киселев Г.И., Загайнов С.В. К вопросу о профессиональной заболеваемости в нашей стране и за рубежом // Гигиена труда и профессиональные заболевания. – 1991. – №2. – С. 4-7.

2. Кулкыбаев Г.А., Карабалин С.К. Распространенность пылевых заболеваний легких в Казахстане // Современные проблемы профзаболеваний бронхолегочной системы: Материалы Международной научной конференции. – Караганда, 2001.– С. 86-91.