Karakushikova A.S.,Toguzbaeva K.K., Bekmagambetova Z.D., Niazbekova L.S., Seyduanova L.B., Dzhusupov K.D., Madigulov A.R., Dauletkalieva R. J., Junistaev D.D., Nurshabekova A.B., Myrzakhmetova S.K.

The Kazakh national medical university named after S.D. Asfendiarov,

Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty

 

HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF IMPURITY OF AIR OF THE WORKING ZONE OF DRIVERS OF MOTOR TRANSPORT TOXIC SUBSTANCES

 

Maintenance of safe working conditions and health protection of able-bodied population is among priority directions of a state policy of any country. Meanwhile, one of leading risk factors of infringement of health working are adverse working conditions and non-observance of hygienic standard requirements that causes high levels of a traumatism and professional disease [1, 2, 3].

The driver, as it is known, one of responsible trades on transport which concerns a category of the trades connected with raised danger. Work of drivers of motor transport, including buses, is characterized by influence of a complex of adverse factors, including chemical. Influence of the last on an organism of the given category of workers gets now the increasing urgency in the city of Almaty located actually in a hollow, with prevailing маловетреной weather when atmosphere hasn't time to be cleared of pollution, and also in connection with the strengthened growth of quantity of motor transport. So, now in a city it is registered more than 600 thousand units of motor transport, but thus city highways practically don't provide normal movement of cars.

All above-stated has caused carrying out of our researches studying of a gassed condition of cabins of city buses, a hygienic estimation of the maintenance of toxic substances in air of a working zone of drivers was which purpose.

With that end in view by us it was carried out a fence of tests of air in a zone of breath of drivers. As the majority of buses are maintained with the engines working on diesel fuel, we in air of a working zone defined as much as possible single concentration carbon oxide (СО), nitrogen oxide (N2О; NO; N2O3; NO2; N2O5) and aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons (CmHn), and as dust, in connection with a considerable dust content of atmospheric air of Almaty. Results of the spent researches are presented in table 1.

 

Table 1 – The Maintenance of chemical substances in air of cabins of city buses

 

Buses

Groups

 

Buses Concentration of investigated substances (mg/м3)

carbon oxide

nitrogen oxide

aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons

min

max

min

max

min

max

1

13.7

42.6

(2.1 MCL)

1,9

12,6

(2.5 MCL)

274,2

378,5

(1,3

MCL)

2

13.7

42.6

(2.0 MCL)

2,1

12,9

(2.6 MCL)

264,0

377,2

(1,3

MCL)

3

10.7

42.6

(1,9 MCL)

1,9

10,9

(2.2 MCL)

258,2

372,5

(1,2

MCL)

MCL

20

5

300

 

On the basis of the received data it has been established that in buses of 1 group the share of tests in which the maximum concentration of investigated substances didn't answer hygienic specifications, has made 73,0 % - on carbon oxide, 7,1 % - on nitrogen oxide and 60,0 % - on aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons that, obviously, is connected with deterioration the given buses and considerable excess of terms of technical operation. The maximum concentration the carbon oxide, found out in air of a working zone of the given group of buses, has reached 2,1 maximum-permissible concentration (maximum concentration limit), nitrogen oxide – 2,6 maximum concentration limits, aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons – 1,3 maximum concentration limits.

In buses of 2 groups the share of tests in which actual concentration has exceeded maximum permissible on carbon oxide has made 67,0 %; on nitrogen oxide – 71,0 %, on aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons – 48,0 %.

In buses of 3 groups concentration carbon oxide didn't correspond normalized in 57,0 % of tests, nitrogen oxide – in 64,0 % of tests and aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons – in 25,0 % of tests. Thus the maximum concentration carbon oxide in air of a working zone of buses has reached 1,9 maximum concentration limits, nitrogen oxide – 2,2 maximum concentration limits, aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons – 1,2 maximum concentration limits.

As a whole at motor transport enterprise where research was conducted, the high percent of buses in which workplaces by air a working zone don't meet the requirements of hygienic specifications has been noted. The share has made: on carbon oxide – 65,5 % of buses, on nitrogen oxide– 69,0 %, on aliphatic limiting hydrocarbons – 43,5 %, on a dust – 74,0 %.

It is established that sources of air pollution of cabins of city buses were both the fulfilled gases of the engine of the car, and air of a roadside zone. The Sanitary-and-hygienic condition of salons of the majority of buses was unsatisfactory owing to not regular cleaning that caused the raised dust content of air in transport.

Thus, the data obtained by us testifies to possible chronic influence, though and in the small concentration, several toxic substances in a combination to a dust that isn't indifferent for an organism as at their joint action the effect cumulation their adverse effect is possible.

 

Literature

1.                     Пуликовский К.Б. Комплексная оценка соответствия опасных производственных объектов требованиям безопасности // Безопасность труда в промышленности, 2007, № 2, С. 5-8.

2.                     Измеров Н.Ф., Условия труда как фактор риска развития заболеваний и смертности от сердечно-сосудистой патологии, 2005, № 2, С. 14-20.

3.                     Онищенко Г.Г., Состояние условий труда и профессиональной заболеваемости работников Российской Федерации, 2007, С. 101-114.