Karakushikova
A.S.,Toguzbaeva K.K., Bekmagambetova Z.D., Seyduanova L.B., Dzhusupov K.D., Kudaybergenova T.A., Niazbekova L.S., Zhangaliev
E.M.,
Junistaev D.D., Nurshabekova A.B., Myrzakhmetova S.K.
The Kazakh national medical university named after
S.D. Asfendiarov,
Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty
HYGIENIC ESTIMATION OF INDUSTRIAL NOISE LEVEL IN
MEDICAL INSTITUTION
Well known that on the person in the conditions of its
residing constantly operate various noises: household, transport, but this
action occasional, incidental. Where as industrial noise accompanies the person
throughout all change, every day, during all seniority [1].
To the level of noises at the working places public
health service makes special demands because its high level reduce working
capacity, became to nervous tension and prevents to concentrate. In offices of
out-patient-polyclinic establishments parameters of noise don't exceed 35 dBA
in a strip of average frequencies. Only in cases of an arrangement of
polyclinic on a brisk highway or placing of medical offices near to sources
generating noise the noise level reaches 45-50 dBA and more [2].
Last decades the noise problem in
treatment-and-prophylactic establishments has become aggravated, first of all,
because of introduction in medical practice the newest equipment, replace of
traditional technological processes with electro physical, electrochemical,
ultrasonic processes. So, from the middle of 60-th of last century in
stomatology practice have started to introduce high-speed drills and turbines
which at work create high noise level of whistling tone [2].
It is known that high noise levels in the
treatment-and-prophylactic organizations (TPO) is created by blotting liquids
(53-79 dBA), pumps is long working devices. Noise from engineering,
technological and other equipment (lifts, systems of a water pipe, the water
drain and ventilation, a centrifuge, electro vacuum cleaners, floor polishers)
can reach 99 dBA, and distribution of noise owing to features of design of
devices and communications occurs almost free [2, 3].
In connection with the above-stated we measured noise
on workplaces of medical workers in one of polyclinics of Almaty. Noise
measurement was spent by audio-noise meter SI-01, thus results of measurements
were estimated according to «Hygienic specifications of noise levels and an
infrasound in premises of inhabited, public buildings in housing estate
territory» (2004).
Noise measurement spent in the following premises TPO
on workplaces during a labor shift of medical workers:
·
an office № 206 branches of planning of a family - on a workplace
of the laboratorian at film development;
·
on a mammograph mammograph;
·
mammographs workplace;
·
offices № 320, 321 physiotherapeutic branches – on a workplace of
the staff nurse;
·
an office № 324 physiotherapeutic branches – on a workplace of the
senior nurse;
·
offices № 117, 129 laboratory-diagnostic branches – on a workplace
of the laboratorian at a flueblock;
·
offices № 406, 408, 409, 410 stomatologic branches – on a
workplace of the doctor of the stomatologist.
It has been established that the noise source were a
forced-air and exhaust ventilation, dent technical equipment.
In branch of planning of a family, physiotherapeutic
and laboratory-diagnostic branches under the characteristic noise differed as
constant, voice-frequency, in stomatologic branch – broadband, fluctuating.
Studying of sound pressure in octave strips with
symmetric medium frequencies has shown that increasing this indicator in
polyclinic premises it is not revealed.
So, in an octave strip of 31,5 Hz levels of sound
pressure fluctuate in various branches from 62 to 76 dB whereas in admissible
size for the given category of works are 86 dB.
In an octave strip of 63 Hz levels of sound pressure
fluctuate from 55 to 59 dB at admissible size for the given category of works
71 dB.
In an octave strip of 125 Hz levels of sound pressure
fluctuate from 43 to 48 dB at admissible size for the given category of works
61 dB.
In other octave strips (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000,
8000) also it has been established that admissible levels of sound pressure
weren't exceeded. So, in an octave strip of 250 Hz levels of sound pressure
have made 35-40 dB, in an octave strip of 500 Hz – 30-34 dB, in an octave strip
of 1000 Hz – 26-30 dB, in an octave strip of 2000 Hz – 24-26 dB, in an octave
strip of 4000 Hz – 20-25 dB, in an octave strip of 8000 Hz – 19-22 dB.
Studying of equivalent levels of a sound has shown
that they are a little below admissible size or at level of admissible sizes,
but don't exceed them.
It is necessary to notice that in case of
voice-frequency character of noise its admissible values should be reduced on 5
dB. In our researches voice-frequency noise isn't in some branches of
polyclinic, but thus noise levels, didn't fall outside the limits admissible
sizes even if the last have been reduced on 5 dB.
Thus, the conducted researches of level and character
of noise on workplaces of medical workers in the surveyed polyclinic have shown
that in one branches (branch of planning of a family, physical-therapeutic,
laboratory - diagnostic branch) noise is to constants, voice-frequency, in
others (stomatologic branch) - broadband, fluctuating in time. However in one
case it is not revealed excess of admissible noise levels.
The literature
1.
Алексеев
С.В, Усенко В.Р. Гигиена труда. Медицина, 1988.-575 с.
2.
Труд
и здоровье медицинских работников. Под ред. В.К. Овчарова. Медицина, 1985.-211
с.
3.
Российская
энциклопедия по медицине труда. Под ред. акад. РАМН Н.Ф. Измерова. Медицина,
2005.- С. 597-605.