Физическая культура и спорт/1.Физическая культура и спорт: проблемы, исследования, предложения.

Sobolenko A.,  Martynov Y.

NTUU «KPI», IMEF, physical education department

Influence of physical culture in mental and physical performance

Physiological classification of exercises is a sheme where all the diverse muscle activity combined into separate groups of exercise on physiological grounds. The body's resistance to adverse factors depends on the innate and acquired properties. It is very mobile and trained as a means of muscle loads, and various external factors such as temperature fluctuations, insufficient or excess oxygen, carbon dioxide. Noted, for example, that physical exercise, by improving the physiological mechanisms of increased resistance to overheating, hypothermia, hypoxia, the action of certain toxic substances, reduces morbidity and improves performance. Trained skiers at cooling their bodies up to 35-40 ^o C maintain high efficiency. If untrained people are not able to do the work when lifting their temperature up to 37-38 ^° C, then trained successfully cope with the load, even when the temperature of their body reaches more. People who regularly and actively engaged in physical exercise, increased mental, mental and emotional stability when performing intense mental or physical activity. [1]

The main physical and motor qualities that ensure a high level of human physical performance, include strength, speed and endurance, which manifest themselves in certain proportions depending on the performance of motor activity, its nature, specificity, duration, power and intensity. Go to a named natural qualities should add flexibility and agility, which largely determine the success of the implementation of certain kinds of physical exercises. Diversity and specificity of the effects of exercise on the human body can be understood by reading from a physiological classification of physical exercise (in terms of sport physiology). It is based on certain physiological classification features that are inherent in all types of muscular activity within a specific group. Thus, the nature of muscular contraction of muscles can work static or dynamic. Activity of muscles in conditions of maintaining a stationary position of the body or its parts, as well as exercise the muscles while holding a load without movement is characterized as a static work which characterized by the maintenance of a variety of body postures, and the efforts of the muscles during dynamic work related to the movements of the body or its parts in space. [2]

Features of functional changes of the body when performing various types of cycling in different zones of the power determines athletic performance. For example, the main characteristic of the work in the zone of maximum power is that muscle activity occurs in anaerobic conditions. Power operation is so large that the body is unable to ensure its performance at the expense of oxygen processes. Processes of respiration and circulation during the maximum power does not have time to intensify to a level that ensures the right amount of oxygen to give the energy of the working muscles.

Reduce power and increase the duration of the work related to the fact that in addition to the anaerobic reactions of energy and muscular activity unfold and processes of aerobic energy production. This increases (up to the full satisfaction of needs) the supply of oxygen to working muscles. For example, when performing work in the zone of relatively moderate power such as running on the long and extra long distance, the level of oxygen consumption can reach about 95% of the maximum possible. In this part of the oxygen consumed is used in the oxidative resynthesis of ATP, CP and carbohydrates. For long periods, moderate work capacity of the body carbohydrate stores is significantly reduced, which leads to a decrease in blood glucose, negatively affecting the activity of nerve centers, muscle and other organs working.

By means of physical education include not only exercise, but the forces of nature and health, hygiene factors. Use of nature helps to strengthen and enhance the body's defenses, it stimulates the metabolism and activity of physiological systems and individual organs. To improve the physical and mental performance, you need to have walks on open air, give up bad habits, exercise. Systematic physical exercises under pressure to remove the training activities and systematic muscular activity increases the psychic, mental and emotional stability of the organism under intense work. [3, 4]

Literature:

1. Gordon N. Chronic fatigue and physical activity. – 2005. – 128 p.

2. Bulych E., Muravyov D. Human health. – 2003. – 424 p.

3. Howly E.T., Franks B.D. Health and fitness instructor led . – 2004. – 376 p.

4. Volkov L. Theory and methods of youth sports. – 2005. – 296 p.