Ecology
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DENTISTRY – ACTUAL
SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM
Toguzbayeva
K.K., Bekmagambetova Z.D., Karakushikova A.S., Dzhumasheva R.T., Kaynarbaeva
M.S., Madigulov A.R., Niyazbekova L.S., Seyduanova L.B., Saylybekova A.K.,
Nurshabekova A.B.
Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU)
named after S.D. Asfendiyarov
Course of Occupational Health, Almaty,
Kazakhstan
Abstract. Feature of the work of
dentists and dental technicians is that in each production room dental
laboratory observed specific hazards, connected with the air of various
chemical substances in various states of aggregation (dust, vapor, gas), of
which discovered toxic: mercury, cadmium, lead, Carbon monoxide, acids and
alkalis, silica, acrylates, etc. In addition to names of substances, there are
many others whose influence in dental laboratories remains unclear. In the
process of manufacturing metal denture is used about 20 such metals as gold,
silver, platinum, chromium, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, cobalt, etc., pairs
which are formed during melting and dust - in the process of machining prostheses.
Keywords: occupational health,
dentistry, disease, occupational diseases.
I. Introduction. In recent
years, conditions of work in dental clinics have changed considerably due to
the rapid development of the medical industry. In the dental practice is constantly
introducing new equipment, technology, tools, equipment and medicines. On the
one hand, it increases the quality of care and facilitates the work of a
doctor. On the other hand, puts it in the new working conditions, little or
unexplored in terms of hygiene.
In
this regard, the hygienist should be directed to the impact of new types of
dental equipment, new filling materials, allergic effects of chemicals used in
dentistry, on air pollution in the premises a dental laboratory and the
incidence of dentists and dental technicians.
II. Formulation of the problem. The aim of
our research was to study the formulation of the data available in the world
literature.
In
Soviet literature there is practically no work, which set the concentration of
pollutants in the air of dental laboratories, and this should be the subject of
further research. Extremely urgent problem of allergy in dentistry. According
to many authors in this area is used more than 500 chemicals that can cause
allergic reactions, not only patients but also doctors. Kleine-Natrop directly
indicates that many dental materials may be antigens for professional
allergodermiyah. Filed by foreign authors are aware that more than 15% of
dentists suffer from allergic effects of medications and supplies [1]. In our
country, studies on the prevalence of allergic occupational diseases among
dentists and dental technicians were not carried out, and this issue also needs
to prompt a thorough investigation. For a long time in the occupational health
dentists to be a leading "mercury" issue in connection with the
widespread use of amalgam. At the present time in modern dental offices in our
country, the amalgam is not used, although in foreign countries, it is widely
used.
III. Results. In the mid-60's in a
dental practice have applied high-speed drills and turbines, whose task is to
eliminate the pain patient in the process of dissection cavity of a tooth or
grinding, the acceleration process of the tooth and reduce the static load on
the working hands of a doctor. However, it soon appeared in the literature
reports that it is necessary to lower the temperature of overheated at high
speed bur air or water cooling helps dissipate in the air cabinet aerosol from
mouth of the patient, often contains pathogens [2, 3].
In
this regard, the occupational health dentists and orthopedists and therapists
is becoming an important issue of sterilization and disinfection, which had
been developed mainly in the dental surgery. Although the name issue is devoted
to a significant number of publications, literally unit of the meaning and
methods of disinfecting the source of infection - mouth of the patient, which
may contain pathogens of various diseases, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
herpes simplex virus, pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus [4]. Therefore
development of methods for decontamination of the oral the patient's mouth
before dental surgery is to the point of view of epidemiology and occupational
radical solution to the issue, because it destroyed the head of epidemiological
link of the chain: source - pathway, etc.
Of
a problem of bacterial contamination of dental surgeries in general should be
characterized as insufficient, since no information on the nature and level of
contamination with microflora classrooms depending on the specifics of
admission (surgical, orthopedic, therapeutic, mixed, kids, etc.) very little
information about the frequency of detection of pathogens and air at various
sites of dental surgeries. Virtually no reports of prevalence of carriage of pathogens
among dental patients and medical staff.
In
modern conditions is very interesting question about these new production
factors as noise and vibration, appearance, which is also associated with new
types of dental equipment. Already there are a number of works of foreign
authors to study the effect of noise on the condition of hearing the doctor.
So, for example T. Bakar cites that in Hungary, a large proportion of dentists
in a short period from the beginning of work on Trubina marked left-sided hearing
loss.
Publications
about the harmful effects of noise and vibration in the domestic literature is
not met. In this regard, it is necessary to resolve this problem.
Directly
related to occupational health dentists and dental technicians have to study the
incidence of these groups of health workers. In this case, the issues of
morbidity and health dentists studied extremely inadequate. There are only
scattered tentative, searching information on morbidity and mortality of
dentists.
In
recent years, the literature discusses the problems of occupational stress and
burnout, which adversely affects the mental and somatic state of a dentist. The
formation and development of occupational stress and burnout affect a complex
of factors: personal characteristics of physician, general health, stress at
work, over anxious patients, the situation in the working team, in the family.
IV. Conclusions. Thus, all
the above outlines some directions for further study of occupational health
dentists and dental technicians in modern conditions.
Literature
1. F. Kempel -
Jbid., 1994, Bd 185. p. 187-193.
2. В.А. Катаева - Стоматология,
1976, №3, p.
93-97.
3. R.V. Brown-J.
Dent Child.1995, v 32. p. 112-117.
4. Л.И. Либин – Стоматология,
1993,№4 p.12-14.