Romanyuk K.A.
Morphological changes in the bones of matured animals
under the action of technogenic microelementosis
Today there
is growth contamination of environment and his influence on a living world. In
the separate districts of the
Materials
and research methods.
The experiment by duration 1 month is executed on 66 matured males of rats. Animals
distributed on three series: first are animals, which got with a drinking-water
combination of salts of zinc (5 mg/l), copper (5mg/l), iron (10mg/l) – microelementosis of Yampol
district, second are animals, which got with a
drinking-water combination of salts of zinc (5mg/l), copper (5mg/l), iron (10mg/l)
- microelementosis of Seredyna-Buda
district, third are animals, which got
with a drinking-water combination of salts of zinc (5mg/l), lead (3mg/l),
chrome (10mg/l) - microelementosis of Shostka district.
Upon termination of experiments of animals hammered under ether anesthesia, excised
a lumbar vertebra, shinbones and
pelvic bones of skeleton, conducted their osteometrical and
histological study of cartilaginous and bone fabrics with simultaneous morphometry. The table of contents of animals and all
manipulations was conducted in accordance with positions of “General ethics
principles of experiments on the animals” accepted by First National congress
on biotethics (
Results
of own researches and their discussion.
Upon termination of experiments in the bones of
experimental animals it is found out oppression of growth processes. At measuring of longitudinal sizes compared to a control group there was diminishing of osteometrical
indexes as tubular, so spongy bones. Length of shinbones fell behind from indexes at controls animals on 7,44 % (1 series), on 9,28% (2 series), on 11,42% (3 series). In a pelvic bone and
lumbar vertebra the deceleration of growth processes was accordingly 5,26% and
6,12%; 7,06% and 7,64%; 8,62% and 9,02%. In the transversal sizes of the explored
bones found out the multidirectional changes, that testifies of violation of shape-generating processes in
the bones of skeleton under act of technogenic microelementosis of different composition.
The
histological study of cartilaginous and bone fabrics of experimental animals
discovered the changes in a structure and morphometric
description of epiphyseal cartilage of shinbone, cartilaginous
plates of pelvic bones and vertebrae, and also in the compact and spongy
matters of the explored bones. In cartilaginous fabric often there
are chondrocytes with unclear contours which have plenty
of connecting matter
between each other. In a proliferative area
chondrocytes have mostly oblate form, compressed by
the connecting matter and form the massive conglomerates. The longitudinal columns
of cartilaginous cages
consist of 3- 6 cages and often have the different vector orientation. Cages
badly perceive dyes, the figures of karyokinesis do not almost appear. In connecting
fabric there are the hearths of dystrophic changes with the changed painting by
standard dyes. Without a clear border the layer of proliferative cages
passes to the area of definitive cartilage which is presented by tumbledown
cages. The area of destruction is extended, formation
of bone matrice does not almost take place.
The results of morphometry of animals’ epiphyseal cartilage of the first series show
the narrowing of growth area on 8,58% (p<0,05).
Thus a proliferative cartilage diminishes in
comparison with controls indexes on 12,65% (p<0,01),
and definitive cartilage narrows upon
termination of experiment - on 10,96% (p<0,01). The width of area of
destruction is increased in comparison with the control in this term of
supervision on 11,30% (p<0,01). In the second
series of researches the
changes of epiphyseal cartilage
increase: is saved a tendency to
diminishing of general width of cartilaginous plates, width of areas of proliferative and definitive cartilage. Animals which got
combination of salts of heavy metals of the third series, the morphological
changes in a cartilaginous plate are shown in most measure. The structure of growth
area sharply differs from such at intact animals .
In bone fabric of the explored bones of experimental animals there is
narrowing of osteon layer at diaphysis of
tubular bone on 11,52%(1 series ), 14,12%(2 series) and 17,52%(3 series), and
also diminishing of thickness of compact layer in a pelvic bone and lumbar
vertebra. The clearness of structure of compact matter is violated. The haversian systems of osteon
layer undergo the
alterations, which begins from plates round the vascular ducting and is
accompanied by deformation of contours of midwalls of
plates round vessels and presence of osteoclasts on
periphery. There are the areas of tessellated calcification, which large on a
size and occupy all layers of diaphysis.
In the
structure of osteon area the second osteons prevail with the sharply extended channel. Osteocytes almost not perceive dyes, but bays, which placed
meet, form additional cavities, destroying the compactness of bone. Near periosteum almost
absent osteoblasts,
noticeable breaks between plates and thick numeral lines of bonding. In a lumbar vertebra and pelvic bone upon
termination of experiments there is wearing of
trabeculs, the
chaotic of their orientation is marked, much from them
in central part have the calculation of local deformation.
Conclusions
2. Structural
organization and oppression of proliferative activity
of chondrocytes is violated in cartilaginous fabric.
3. The signs
of deceleration of boneforming processes appear in
the compact and spongy matters.
4. The
expressed of the negative influencing of salts of heavy metals depends on their
concentration and combination.