Opportunities of preparation process
management of boxers
of high qualification for the tournament
Kiprych S., Reader of
the
University, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences
Vyshnia
N., Reader of the
University, Candidate of Philological Sciences
The process of achievement by boxers of the high sport form is accompanied by the development of the dynamic equilibrium of all sides of preparation on an individual optimal level for each of them. In order to control a training process rationally, it is necessary to determine the most essential system of connection of skill elements of boxers. For this purpose we shall consider the problems of tactical readiness of sportsmen because the realization of their fighting opportunities needs all means of tactical readiness.
A
retrospective analysis of tactical opportunities of sportsmen compared with the
competive activity objective demands which are
determined by the presence of three fighting distances, that
are specific according to spacial and time
interaction of the competitors, has given the following picture. The group of
the champions ( 40 men among them 9 are champions of
the Olympic games, 3 are silver prize-winners, 3 are the world champions,
others are champions of Ukraine and Europe) had an essential superiority over
universality of actions on distant, average and near distances in comparison
with the group of prize-winners ( 40 prize-winners of national championships
and various international tournaments). The answers of the sportsmen in
relation to each of three distances were fixed in three columns: “complete
skill”, “partial skill”, “unsufficient
skill”. The champions had 96 complete skills from 120, and 24 partial, at the
prize-winners, accordingly, 69 of 37 and also 14 unsufficient
skills.
It is
indicative, that the basic superiority of champions in an estimation “complete
skill” was necessary on distant and near distances, where achivements
of advantage above the opponent requires high skill, whereas on the sharpest
average distance there exists an opportunity to compenstate
partially technical- tactical defects by high special physical and functional
preparations.
In the
group of the champions all the boxers differed
by complete skill in the use of attacking and counterattacking actions,
the prize-winners had three partial skills in attack and 17 in the
counterattack: At the same time it was also possible to destinguish
two categories of the sportsmen presenting universe tendencies in their
tactical preparations. The credo of the first group of “complete universals”
has expressed the double Olympic champion B. Lagutin:
“ That distance and the form of actions, which is inconvenient to the opponent
is convenient for me.” The similiar positions had the
Olympic champions of different years V. Safronov, O. Grigoryev, D. Poznyak, V. Klichko and some silver prize-winners R. Zaulichny,
Differing
in a diversity of technical and tactical skills and the flexibility of their
use, these boxers had rather high level of the development of special physical
qualities which did not exceed usual limits and also mental opportunities for
the fast perception and acceptance of decisions in various tactical situations.
The sum of all these advantages, their harmony turned
into the new systematic quality, allowing the sportsman to reach such appreciable sports results.
The second
category (“the organic universals”) had a brightly distinguished superiority
over the competitors in special qualities and their combinations with non
standard morphological features. So, for example, Olympic champion V. Engibarjan has a brilliant fulminant
reaction, great mobility and a sence of a distance
and orientation in deliberate and extemporized situations. He did not aim at
approach to the competitor, but being in the compelled situations he might
destroy the competitor’s plan using the limited set of means. On the other
hand, such potent and aggressive Olympic champion as S.Stepashkin
had rather bad orientation on
distant fighting but it was hardly possible to avoid his
dangerous impacts in closer.
The World
champion V.Savchenko supported his dextral by the
speed of acceptance of decisions in some compex
extemporized episodes of the approachement to the
opponent.
The
fighting style of these and similiar to them boxers
was formed in such a manner that their technical and tactical skills were
employed as some strong points, which were aimed at distruction
of the actions of the opponent in any unfavorable situation, not falling below,
the level of “partial skill”.
There is no
doubt that special
work capacity, functional readiness of the boxers of various style, should be
estimated by the means of various criteria. The investigation of a structure of
a special work capacity, the dynamics of interrelation of its parameters with
indicators of a psychomotor system at boxers of attacking and combined styles
has revealed a number of regularities that must be taken into account during
the boxers preparation for the tournaments. The most
interesting data give a comparison of the parameters received at the end of the
first microcycle, precompetitive
mesocycle of preparation and in a final microcycle.
At the
boxers of attacking style such picture was observed.
In the
first gauging the parameters of the sensory-motory
characteristic (simple and disjunctive reaction for types of anticipated
reactions) were distributed in regular intervals under five factors. In a final
microcycle they have concentrated almost completely
in the third factor, having a negative value.
The
parameters of the training load (a total load of general developing exercises,
special preparatory and competitive exercises) have moved from the second
factor to the most powerful first factor.
The
contributions into the intensivity of the impact were
saved in the first factor. But their functional weight has inreased.
The partial
parameters of work capacity (factor of endurance, index of special work
capacity, etc.) which at the first gauging were in the third factor,
have moved to the first. The absolute parameters of special work capacity (
general number of impacts, their total force, the force of a single impact, the
parameters of impacts in habitual and “spurt” regimen, the average parameters),
which in the first research were grouped into three first factors have been
rearranged into first two factors.
At the boxres of
the combined style the essential distinctions in accomodation
of parameters and tendencies in dynamics of preparation were marked.
The
diffusion of the parameters of special work capacity under all five factors has
taken place in the second gauging.
The
parameters of force of single impacts were saved in the first factor.
The
parameters of the maximal work capacity which were placed in four factors earlier, have come into first two.
The
sensory-motory parameters which at the beginning of
the investigation have settled down in the second and third factor,
have moved in the first and the second.
The parameters
of the preparational loading, which in the first microcycle were distributed in first four factors, have
concentrated in the second and the third.
The
comparison of the average parameters of special work capacity for the
representatives of both styles after the first gauging has not revealed
substantial distinctions. The second gauging has shown the tendency to the
higher parameters at the boxers of the attacking style.
In
general, after the influence of training loads of the specialized orientation,
the parameters in the second gauging testified certain advantage of the boxers
of attacking style in special work capacity, while in the boxers of the
combined style the advantage was in the parameters of sensory-motory reaction.
The
amount of differences in the structure of the training preparation of the
boxers of attacking and combined style is essentially increasing as a result of
the correlation analysis of the data received. However, it goes without saying,
that the dependence of processes occurring in the organism of a sportsman is
very great and it is connected with the primary aiming and the dominant direction
of his special activity and motory problems.
At
conclusion it is quite clear , that the representation
of two styles needs a various parity of loadings in the precompetitive
mesocycle. The boxers of the attacking style must
have a higher training loading during the whole mesocycle
and at the end of the final microcycle. Its high
parameters promote the improvement of a special work capacity, which is a main
chain in the boxer’s preparation for the tournament.
The
boxers of the combined style may reveal the oppression of the sensory-motory indicatives, which are the main in the
structure of their training preparation as a result of large training loadings.
The boxers of this style have predilection to decrease the training loadings
some days before the beginning of the tournament and our practice was to
decrease them.
Showing
basic differences and features of preparation of boxers with various style
features, we do not call to follow such approaches with an orthodox sequence.
In spite
of general laws for management of preparation of the boxers of high
qualification to tournaments, it is necessary to take into account diverse and
individually unique set of combinations and displays of properties of nervous
system, psychological features, physical qualities advantages of some boxers
which can turn into disadvantages by the efforts of their opponents and viceversa.
As we
tried to show our method of tournament preparation gives a possibility to
employ a rational orientation on the individual models of preparation, because
their minimum differences from the standard can influence greatly on the
results.